Exam 12: Punishment and Sentencing

_____ are rigorous, military-style regimes for younger offenders designed to accelerate punishment while instilling discipline.

In ______, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that execution of developmentally disabled defendants was unconstitutional.

_____ indicate to judges the expected sanction for certain offenses.

Jenna works for the Innocence Project.  She is currently working on a case where her client states that she was wrongly convicted.  Jenna has been reviewing the court transcripts and has determined that the prosecutor seems to have withheld information that was pertinent to the case.  Jenna's client was given a 20-year sentence for murder.  She has reduced that sentence by participating in programs and through her positive behavior while incarcerated. If Jenna's client had been eligible for parole, then she was most likely sentenced under _________ sentencing.

_____ relationships among courtroom actors can facilitate plea bargains and shape the content of prosecutors' sentencing recommendations.

In your opinion, why does the United States rely on incarceration so heavily as a form of punishment? Why don't we use intermediate sanctions as frequently as other countries do?

What is the significance of the presentence report to the defendant who is in the sentencing phase of his or her trial?

________ refers to laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their sentence before being released on parole.

Many exonerations are not based on DNA evidence, but on the discovery that prosecutors had ignored or _______ evidence.

Restorative justice programs in Vermont have increased the percentage of nonviolent offenders in the state's prisons.

Which term is used to define a model of justice that focuses on repairing damage done to the victim and the community?

If days are subtracted from a sentence for good behavior, this is called _____.

The late Chief Justice ______ actively sought to reduce the opportunities for capital punishment defendants to have their appeals heard by multiple courts.

Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community.  He knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and the last time he will be involved with the criminal justice system.  He plans to do everything that he is required to do and make this time go by as easily as possible. Eric's short sentence to be served within the community is most likely

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty, as administered, constituted cruel and unusual punishment in the case of

Which of the following is not a factor in sentencing decisions?

The use of crack cocaine in poor, poverty-laden communities has had little effect on increasing the sentencing disparity.

Alex was recently found guilty of first-degree murder.  Based upon state law, the judge was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.  Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison.  He will spend his time in a prison approximately 25 miles from his home.  Alex was thankful for this sentence because it was a death penalty case otherwise. Alex will be incarcerated for a period of 25 years.  Which goal of punishment does his sentence meet for the general public?

Federal sentencing guidelines were adjusted in 2007 and 2008 to address a highly criticized source of racial disparities in prison sentences for offenders convicted of _____-related offenses.

Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community.  He knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and the last time he will be involved with the criminal justice system.  He plans to do everything that he is required to do and make this time go by as easily as possible. Eric's sentence best exemplifies which goal of punishment?