Question 1

The oxidation of nitrogen in the atmosphere during lightning storms generates _______________.

Accepted Answer

nitrogen oxides, NOx

Question 2

What are an example and an effect of a high-albedo surface?

Accepted Answer

A) asphalt; warms Earth 
B) oceans; keeps Earth cool 
C) glacial ice; warms Earth 
D) oceans; warms Earth 
E) glacial ice; keeps Earth cool 
A) asphalt; warms Earth 
B) oceans; keeps Earth cool 
C) glacial ice; warms Earth 
D) oceans; warms Earth 
E) glacial ice; keeps Earth cool E

Question 3

The amount of solar radiation reaching the top of Earth's atmosphere changes in 30-year cycles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Most of the energy in China, India, and many other developing countries is produced using _______________ as a fuel.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the energy in China, India,...

Question 5

Tree-ring patterns from desert areas are not useful for climate studies because moisture is more determinative for tree growth than temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What do the vast majority of climatologists who have carefully examined the data agree on regarding human-induced global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Human-induced global warming has begun and is increasing. 
B) Human-induced global warming has begun, but it is decreasing. 
C) Human-induced global warming has not yet begun, but should start by 2050. 
D) Global warming has begun, but it is not human-induced. 
E) Global warming has not begun. 
A) Human-induced global warming has begun and is increasing. 
B) Human-induced global warming has begun, but it is decreasing. 
C) Human-induced global warming has not yet begun, but should start by 2050. 
D) Global warming has begun, but it is not human-induced. 
E) Global warming has not begun.

Question 7

Can the current increase in carbon dioxide level in Earth's atmosphere be attributable to natural variation and not human activity? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The record of the amount of carbon dioxi

Question 8

Incoming solar radiation is short-wave, while radiation outward from the Earth is long-wave.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Negative radiative forcing refers to more outgoing than incoming radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

An expanding sunspot reduces solar radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Non-greenhouse gases make up more than 99.9% of the dry atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Approximately when did the rapid increase in human-produced atmospheric CO2 begin?

Accepted Answer

A) 1900 
B) 1930 
C) 1950 
D) 1980 
E) 2000 
A) 1900 
B) 1930 
C) 1950 
D) 1980 
E) 2000

Question 13

What contains the largest reservoir of carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) atmosphere 
B) deep ocean 
C) shallow ocean 
D) rock 
E) soil 
A) atmosphere 
B) deep ocean 
C) shallow ocean 
D) rock 
E) soil

Question 14

Natural gas was the largest fuel source in the United States in 2013.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The troposphere extends from the Earth up to about _______________ km.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The troposphere extends from the Earth up...

Question 16

In addition to carbon dioxide, _______________ and _______________ have risen above their pre-industrial levels in Earth's atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

methane, n

Question 17

Describe the carbon cycle.

Accepted Answer

On land, carbon is held as biomass, in l

Question 18

Greenhouse gases include all of the following except ____.

Accepted Answer

A) argon 
B) methane 
C) nitrogen oxides 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) hydrofluorocarbons 
A) argon 
B) methane 
C) nitrogen oxides 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) hydrofluorocarbons

Question 19

Researchers estimate that black carbon may account for about one-half of all global warming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Based on a stringent mitigation scenario for future fossil fuel consumption, temperatures in the Arctic are expected to rise by at least 2°C, and under a minimal mitigation scenario would rise by about 5°C by mid-century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The oxidation of nitrogen in the atmosphere during lightning storms generates _______________.

What are an example and an effect of a high-albedo surface?

The amount of solar radiation reaching the top of Earth's atmosphere changes in 30-year cycles.

Most of the energy in China, India, and many other developing countries is produced using _______________ as a fuel.

Tree-ring patterns from desert areas are not useful for climate studies because moisture is more determinative for tree growth than temperature.

What do the vast majority of climatologists who have carefully examined the data agree on regarding human-induced global warming?

Can the current increase in carbon dioxide level in Earth's atmosphere be attributable to natural variation and not human activity? Why or why not?

Incoming solar radiation is short-wave, while radiation outward from the Earth is long-wave.

Negative radiative forcing refers to more outgoing than incoming radiation.

An expanding sunspot reduces solar radiation.

Non-greenhouse gases make up more than 99.9% of the dry atmosphere.

Approximately when did the rapid increase in human-produced atmospheric CO₂ begin?

What contains the largest reservoir of carbon?

Natural gas was the largest fuel source in the United States in 2013.

The troposphere extends from the Earth up to about _______________ km.

In addition to carbon dioxide, _ and _ have risen above their pre-industrial levels in Earth's atmosphere.

Describe the carbon cycle.

Greenhouse gases include all of the following except ____.

Researchers estimate that black carbon may account for about one-half of all global warming.

Based on a stringent mitigation scenario for future fossil fuel consumption, temperatures in the Arctic are expected to rise by at least 2°C, and under a minimal mitigation scenario would rise by about 5°C by mid-century.

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards

Earthquakes and Their Causes

Earthquake Predictions Forecasts and Mitigation

Tsunami

Volcanoes Tectonic Environments and Eruptions

Volcanoes Hazards and Mitigation

Landslides and Other Downslope Movements

Sinkholes Land Subsidence and Swelling Soils

Weather Thunderstorms and Tornadoes

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation

Streams and Flood Processes

Floods and Human Interactions

Waves Beaches and Coastal Erosion

Hurricanes and nor Easters

Wildfires

Asteroid and Comet Impacts

Filters

Exam 11: Climate Change Processes and History

The oxidation of nitrogen in the atmosphere during lightning storms generates _______________.

What are an example and an effect of a high-albedo surface?

The amount of solar radiation reaching the top of Earth's atmosphere changes in 30-year cycles.

Most of the energy in China, India, and many other developing countries is produced using _______________ as a fuel.

Tree-ring patterns from desert areas are not useful for climate studies because moisture is more determinative for tree growth than temperature.

What do the vast majority of climatologists who have carefully examined the data agree on regarding human-induced global warming?

Can the current increase in carbon dioxide level in Earth's atmosphere be attributable to natural variation and not human activity? Why or why not?

Incoming solar radiation is short-wave, while radiation outward from the Earth is long-wave.

Negative radiative forcing refers to more outgoing than incoming radiation.

An expanding sunspot reduces solar radiation.

Non-greenhouse gases make up more than 99.9% of the dry atmosphere.

Approximately when did the rapid increase in human-produced atmospheric CO2 begin?

What contains the largest reservoir of carbon?

Natural gas was the largest fuel source in the United States in 2013.

The troposphere extends from the Earth up to about _______________ km.

In addition to carbon dioxide, _______________ and _______________ have risen above their pre-industrial levels in Earth's atmosphere.

Describe the carbon cycle.

Greenhouse gases include all of the following except ____.

Researchers estimate that black carbon may account for about one-half of all global warming.

Based on a stringent mitigation scenario for future fossil fuel consumption, temperatures in the Arctic are expected to rise by at least 2°C, and under a minimal mitigation scenario would rise by about 5°C by mid-century.

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards

Earthquakes and Their Causes

Earthquake Predictions Forecasts and Mitigation

Tsunami

Volcanoes Tectonic Environments and Eruptions

Volcanoes Hazards and Mitigation

Landslides and Other Downslope Movements

Sinkholes Land Subsidence and Swelling Soils

Weather Thunderstorms and Tornadoes

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation

Streams and Flood Processes

Floods and Human Interactions

Waves Beaches and Coastal Erosion

Hurricanes and nor Easters

Wildfires

Asteroid and Comet Impacts

Filters

Approximately when did the rapid increase in human-produced atmospheric CO₂ begin?

In addition to carbon dioxide, _ and _ have risen above their pre-industrial levels in Earth's atmosphere.