Chat with AIExam 10: The Tower of Babel: Programming Languages
The task of finding the largest number in a list can be solved in a MIMD parallel fashion using the ____ model.
(85) 
VerifiedB
____ is the most widely used language for writing system software because it combines the power of a high-level language with the ability to circumvent that level of abstraction and work at the assembly-language-like level.
(79) VerifiedD
Discuss Prolog facts and Prolog rules. How do these affect Prolog queries?
(75) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotProlog is a logic programming language that is based on a formal system of symbolic logic. In Prolog, facts and rules are used to define relationships and properties within a knowledge base.
Prolog facts are statements that are known to be true. They are used to define the basic properties and relationships of objects in the domain of interest. For example, in a family tree database, a fact might be "john is the father of mary". Facts are represented as predicates, which consist of a functor (the name of the predicate) and a number of arguments (the objects or properties being related).
Prolog rules, on the other hand, are used to define logical implications or relationships between different facts. Rules consist of a head and a body. The head is a predicate that represents the conclusion or result, while the body is a conjunction of predicates that represent the conditions under which the conclusion is true. For example, a rule might be "X is the grandparent of Y if X is the parent of Z and Z is the parent of Y".
When a Prolog query is made, the Prolog interpreter uses the defined facts and rules to try to prove or disprove the query. It does this by matching the query with the available facts and rules, and using logical inference to derive new facts or relationships. If the query can be proven to be true based on the available knowledge base, the Prolog interpreter will return a "true" result. If the query cannot be proven, it will return a "false" result.
In summary, Prolog facts and rules are used to define the knowledge base and logical relationships within a Prolog program. These definitions affect Prolog queries by providing the basis for logical inference and reasoning, allowing the Prolog interpreter to determine the truth or falsehood of a given query based on the available knowledge.
Unlike FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, and Ada, which were carefully developed as programming languages, ____________________, a modern, object-oriented language, was almost an accident.
(96) Writing all computer programs in the same programming language would be more efficient because all languages meet essentially the same needs.
(95) Directing the flow of control in a FORTRAN program by using ____ statements is similar to using the various JUMP statements in the assembly language.
(82) Early versions of FORTRAN allowed the use of mathematical symbols such as to compare two quantities.
(70) What does programming in a logic programming language consist of?
(71) Java is the language used to frame database queries. _________________________
(77) Compared to functional programming, ____ goes a step further toward not specifying exactly how a task is to be done.
(96) Today ____ is still strong in the transportation industry (aircraft, helicopters, subway systems, European high-speed train control systems)and in safety monitoring systems at nuclear reactors as well as in financial and communication systems.
(88) C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.
(85) Although C++ supports the basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by providing simple operators (+, −, *, /)to do these tasks, there is no operator for exponentiation-that is, raising a value to a power.
(72) A ____ expresses a property about a single object or a relationship among several objects.
(76) The majority of business transactions, billions of them per day, are still done on ____________________ code that has now been updated and is likely to continue to run for the foreseeable future.
(83) Describe in detail what a metalanguage like XML is and what it can do.
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