Exam 4: Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity

Suppose that a lone asteroid happens to be passing Jupiter on an unbound orbit (well above Jupiter's atmosphere and far from all of Jupiter's moons. )Which of the following statements would be true?

Gasoline is useful in cars because it has

The Moon orbits Earth in an average of 27.3 days at an average distance of 384,000 kilometers.Using Newton's version of Kepler's third law p² = $\frac{4 \pi^{2}}{G\left(M_{1}+M_{2}\right)}$ a³ determine the mass of Earth.You may neglect the mass of the Moon in comparison to the mass of Earth.

You are standing on a scale in an elevator.Suddenly you notice your weight decreases.What do you conclude?

What quantities does angular momentum depend upon?

The ultimate source of energy that powers the Sun is

The fact that the Voyager spacecraft continues to travel out of the solar system,even though its rockets have no fuel,is an example of

Why are astronauts weightless in the Space Station?

At which lunar phase(s)are tides most pronounced (e.g. ,the highest high tides)?

Approximately where is it currently high tide on Earth?

The planets never travel in a straight line as they orbit the Sun.According to Newton's second law of motion,this must mean that

The force of gravity is an inverse square law.This means that,if you double the distance between two large masses,the gravitational force between them

Suppose it takes 6 seconds for a watermelon to fall to the ground after being dropped from a tall building.If there were no air resistance,so that the watermelon would fall with the acceleration of gravity,about how fast would it be going when it hit the ground?

Which of the following is a form of electrical potential energy?

At which lunar phase(s)are tides most pronounced (for example,the highest high tides)?

Absolute zero is

Give an example in which kinetic energy can be converted to thermal energy.

The center of mass for Earth orbiting the Sun lies inside the Sun.

Imagine another solar system,with a star of the same mass as the Sun.Suppose a planet with a mass twice that of Earth (2MEₐᵣth)orbits at a distance of 1 AU from the star.What is the orbital period of this planet?

Suppose a lone asteroid happens to be passing relatively near Jupiter (but not near any of its moons),following a hyperbolic orbit as it approaches Jupiter.Which of the following statements would be true?