Exam 8: Process

Instructions: Each question below is a topic sentence followed by supporting details. The steps in each set are not in correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that arranges each group of details according to the proper time sequence. Changing the oil in your car will require you to follow several steps. ____ When the oil stops draining, screw the plug back on and lower the car. ____ Next, place a plastic catch pan under the drain hole, and remove the drain hole plug so all the old oil can pour out. ____ Finally, check the oil level and add more oil if the car needs it. ____ To drain the old oil, first set the hand brake and jack up the front end of the car. ____ Now pour in the fresh oil, and then start the engine and check for leaks. ____ When the front end is back on the ground, remove the dirty oil filter and replace it with a clean one.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) You are sitting in a restaurant quietly having a meal when suddenly a man nearby starts choking on a piece of food lodged in his throat (2) By using the Heimlich maneuver, you may be able to save this person's life. (3) Your two hands are all you need to perform this lifesaving technique. (4) First, position yourself behind the choking person (5) Then wrap your arms around the person's midsection, being careful not to apply any pressure to the chest or stomach (6) Once your arms are around the victim, clench one hand into a fist and cup this fist in the other hand (7) Now turn the fist so that the clenched thumb points toward the spot between the choker's navel and midsection (8) Finally, thrust inward at this spot using a quick, sharp motion (9) If this motion does not dislodge the food, repeat it until the victim can breathe freely. How many steps are in the process?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Do you know what happens when you fall asleep? (2) After studying brain-wave patterns, neuroscientists identified five distinct stages of human sleep. (3) In stage 1, you feel drowsy and your muscles begin to relax. (4) This stage ¾ between waking and sleep ¾ only lasts five to ten minutes (5) During the second stage, you experience light sleep (6) Your heart rate, brain activity, and breathing slow down, and your body temperature decreases (7) In the third stage, you transition between light sleep and the fourth stage of deep sleep (8) It is during stages 3 and 4, which are known as slow-wave sleep, that your body rests, replenishes its energy, and repairs itself (9) Finally, about 90 minutes after you first fall asleep, the fifth stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs (10)Your brain is very active, but your muscles are paralyzed (11)During REM sleep, you dream (12)Throughout an average night, you move constantly from one stage to another in recurring cycles (13)These sleep cycles last about 70 to 90 minutes and are repeated four or five times a night (14)While you do not go through all five stages of sleep consecutively, you will experience each stage at least once during a full sleep cycle. Which of the following sentences does NOT include a transitional expression that locates the stages of the process in time?

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plan(s) are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. To properly use a fire extinguisher, use the PASS (pull-aim-squeeze-sweep) procedure. ____ Next, squeeze the handle to release the substance inside the fire extinguisher. ____ First of all, hold the fire extinguisher upright, remove the plastic tie from the handle, and pull out the pin. ____ Finally, sweep the extinguisher from side to side until the fire goes out. ____ Then, continuing to keep the extinguisher upright, aim the nozzle at the base of the blaze.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for each plan are not in the correct chronological order. For each plan, select the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Because turtles are cold-blooded animals, they hibernate during the winter. ____ After finding the right place, they dig their winter home, bury themselves in the mud, and fall into a deep sleep. ____ As the weather begins to turn cold, turtles begin to seek a spot in the mud near a pond to spend the winter. ____ With the onset of spring, the ice on the pond melts and the thawing mud awakens these buried creatures to new life. ____ Throughout the winter, as they sleep, their metabolism remains low.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ¾ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ¾ as well as savings (7) Also include your variable expenses (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget (10)If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ¾ for example, on clothing (11)If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plan(s) are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. A vehicle's airbag saves lives by instantly inflating at the moment a collision takes place. ____ Tiny holes in the bag allow the gas to escape so that the bag will deflate and the vehicle's occupants can move. ____ The sensors then ignite rapidly, burning chemicals that create a large volume of gas to fill the thin, nylon bag. ____ When the vehicle collides with something, sensors register the impact. ____ The gas-filled bag bursts from its storage site to cushion the vehicle's occupants against the impact.

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for each plan are not in the correct chronological order. For each plan, select the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Traveling with a pet without stressing the animal requires thoughtful preparation. ____ For three or four days, leave the carrier plus blanket or toy in a spot where your pet can go in and out. ____ On the day of the trip, you might put a cookie or treat in the carrier as you and your pet set off on your adventure. ____ First, carefully evaluate pet carriers to find the right size, neither so small the animal cannot sit comfortably nor so large it might bounce around. ____ When your pet is used to going in and out of the carrier, allow the animal to sleep in it to develop a positive association. ____ After bringing the new carrier home, place your pet's favorite blanket or soft toy in the carrier to enhance your pet's feeling of security.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs (10)People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. How many stages are in the process?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) The staff at the Shoe Barn is trained to use a very effective customer service procedure (2) When a customer enters the store, a nearby salesperson first greets that person by saying, "Hello, welcome to Shoe Barn." (3) Second, the salesperson asks the customer, "Can I help you find something today?" (4) Third, the employee listens carefully to the customer's description of the shoes he or she is looking for and leads the customer to the appropriate part of the store (5) While helping the customer find what he or she needs, the salesperson also describes that day's specials and sales (6) Finally, when the customer is ready to purchase an item or leave the store, the salesperson smiles and says, "Thank you for shopping at Shoe Barn!" How many steps are in the process?

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plan(s) are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. To mend a broken heart, follow these steps. ____ By the end of the first week, you should be distracting yourself with positive activities such as spending time with friends and making lists of things you want to accomplish. ____ Communicating your feelings will help you feel better, so call a supportive friend or family member on the second day. ____ On the first day after your break-up, give yourself permission to mourn your loss by calling in sick to work, eating anything you want, and crying. ____ After the first week and throughout the months to come, remember that healing takes time, and continue doing things that will help you build your self-confidence. ____ Force yourself to go out on the third day; taking a walk, going out for coffee, or exercising will improve your mood.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ¾ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ¾ as well as savings (7) Also include your variable expenses (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget (10)If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ¾ for example, on clothing (11)If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. How many steps are in the process?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Anyone can conquer clutter by following a series of steps (2) First of all, pick just one area on which to focus your attention. (3) This might be a shelf, a closet, or even just one drawer. (4) Second, round up some bags or boxes and label them so that you have one of each of the following: Repair , Relocate , Donate , Sell , Store , Throw Away , and Return (5) Next, sort all of the items in the area by placing them in one of the bags or boxes, depending on what needs to happen to it (6) Then, take action on each pile (7) Put Repair , Donate , and Return items in your car so that you can drop them off on your next errand run; take the items in the Relocate box to the places where they belong; toss out the Throw Away items; and so on (8) Finally, clean your newly decluttered area and give yourself a reward for a job well done! How many steps are in the process?

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plan(s) are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. Ted learned business skills in stages throughout his life. ____ He took several sales and marketing courses in college. ____ As a child after school, he watched his parents run their candy shop. ____ Finally, he opened his own T-shirt store in the mall after his graduation from college. ____ In high school, he spent afternoons selling shoes at his uncle's store. ____ In his senior year of high school, Ted made excellent money selling health products out of his home.

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs (10)People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. Which of the following sentences in the paragraph contains a transitional expression that indicates time?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Learning to make a budget is the key to managing your hard-earned money (2) First, select your budget period, usually a week or a month. (3) Second, estimate your income for that time period as accurately as you can. (4) Include not only your salary after payroll deductions, but the least you expect to make from other sources, such as tips, bonuses, and commissions (5) Third, add up all your expenses for the budget period (6) Be sure to add in your fixed costs ¾ like rent, utilities, tuition, and taxes ¾ as well as savings (7) Also include your variable expenses (8) The most difficult ones to estimate, variable expenses include all your nonfixed living costs, from money for food and transportation to planned events like vacations and less predictable ones like medical and home repair bills (9) Fourth, subtract your expenses from your income to see whether you need to adjust your budget (10)If your expenses are greater than your income, look for ways to cut costs ¾ for example, on clothing (11)If your income is greater than your expenses, you have the luxury of splurging or saving extra money for that car or trip you have always wanted. Which of the following sentences in the paragraph does NOT contain a transitional expression that indicates time?

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs (10)People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

Instructions: Each question below is a plan for a process paragraph. The steps for the plan(s) are not in the correct chronological order. Select the letter of the answer that numbers the steps in the proper time sequence. The U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing's procedure for making paper currency combines human talent with the precision and speed of modern machinery. ____ Finally, machines slice the pages into notes and band them into stacks for distribution to banks. ____ First, engravers hand-cut the design for a bill on a piece of soft steel known as the master-die. ____ Sheets of paper are then fed into this printing press, where they are stamped with ink under heavy pressure. ____ Next, the master-die is heated and subjected to tremendous pressure to transfer its impression to a plate that goes into a high-speed printing press. ____ Workers carefully examine each stack of printed sheets, and those without defects are fed into a second printing press to be printed with seals and serial numbers.