Exam 7: Ocean Chemistry

A higher level of pH is associated with more hydrogen ions.

Which item is not considered to have a basic pH?

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

What is the Forchhammer's principle?

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

What is the general behavior of pH in seawater? What affect can pH levels at various depths?

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

Residence times are dependent upon steady-state conditions and a well-mixed ocean.

What is the approximate mixing time of the ocean?

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

What is the difference between major constituents, minor constituents, and trace elements? What are some examples of each?

How do salinometers measure salinity?

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Water circulating through rifts and ridges gets altered by coming into contact with the fresh crust, stripping the water of magnesium and other elements.

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide is abundant near the surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

Long residence times are generally associated with elements that are considered to be nonconservative constituents.

Which element would be surprisingly considered a trace element in the ocean despite its abundance in the atmosphere?

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

The addition of salts derived from the mantle and weathering rocks are unable to balance the amount of minerals being bound in the sediments.