Question 1

Describe Köhler's "insight" learning and Thorndike's law of effect.What is(are)the major difference(s)between the two?​

Accepted Answer

Köhler's "insight" learning refers to the sudden realization or understanding of a problem or situation that leads to a solution without the need for trial and error. This type of learning is often associated with the use of mental processes such as reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding relationships between different elements.

On the other hand, Thorndike's law of effect states that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated. This law emphasizes the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior and learning.

The major difference between Köhler's insight learning and Thorndike's law of effect lies in the underlying mechanisms of learning. Köhler's insight learning emphasizes the role of cognitive processes and understanding, while Thorndike's law of effect focuses on the role of reinforcement and consequences in shaping behavior. Additionally, Köhler's insight learning suggests that learning can occur in a sudden and insightful manner, while Thorndike's law of effect emphasizes the gradual shaping of behavior through reinforcement.

Question 2

____ was the spokesman for the Gestalt movement who studied the thinking processes of chimpanzees,left Germany because of his anti-Nazi activities,came to the United States,and eventually became president of the American Psychological Association.

Accepted Answer

A) ​Max Wertheimer 
B) Kurt Goldstein 
C) ​Kurt Koffka 
D) Wolfgang Köhler 
E) Kurt Lewin 
A) ​Max Wertheimer 
B) Kurt Goldstein 
C) ​Kurt Koffka 
D) Wolfgang Köhler 
E) Kurt Lewin D

Question 3

What are the major contributions of Gestalt psychology to psychology as a discipline?​

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology made several major contributions to the field of psychology. One of the most significant contributions was its emphasis on the importance of studying the mind as a whole, rather than breaking it down into individual parts. This holistic approach to understanding human perception and cognition has had a lasting impact on the way psychologists approach research and clinical practice.

Additionally, Gestalt psychology introduced the concept of "insight" as a form of problem-solving, which has influenced the study of creativity and problem-solving in psychology. This idea that problem-solving involves a sudden reorganization of one's perception has been influential in understanding how people approach and solve complex problems.

Gestalt psychology also made important contributions to the study of perception, particularly in the areas of visual and auditory perception. The principles of Gestalt psychology, such as the laws of proximity, similarity, and closure, have been influential in the study of visual perception and have been applied in various fields such as design and advertising.

Furthermore, Gestalt psychology's emphasis on the role of context and environmental factors in perception and behavior has had a significant impact on the study of social psychology and the understanding of how individuals perceive and interact with their environment.

Overall, Gestalt psychology has made significant contributions to the field of psychology by emphasizing the importance of studying the mind as a whole, introducing the concept of insight in problem-solving, and influencing the study of perception and social behavior. Its holistic approach and focus on the organization of perception and cognition have had a lasting impact on the discipline of psychology.

Question 4

​In Germany,the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​welcomed by colleagues at German universities who were annoyed at the limitations of Wundt's system but unable to challenge it 
B) considered to be heresy 
C) ​welcomed by the Nazi party because it was a direct assault on the power of the German university system and the German intelligentsia 
D) welcomed by the Nazi party because it led to the emigration of a number of influential Jewish intellectuals from Germany 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) ​welcomed by colleagues at German universities who were annoyed at the limitations of Wundt's system but unable to challenge it 
B) considered to be heresy 
C) ​welcomed by the Nazi party because it was a direct assault on the power of the German university system and the German intelligentsia 
D) welcomed by the Nazi party because it led to the emigration of a number of influential Jewish intellectuals from Germany 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

One reason Gestalt psychology did not influence American psychology in the 1930s was that its criticisms of Wundt's system were no longer necessary.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the original source material from The Mentality of Apes,Köhler argued that "a particular difficulty must lie in the ____."​

Accepted Answer

A) ​role of instincts 
B) lack of direction of some subjects 
C) ​role of imitation 
D) role of genius 
E) problem itself 
A) ​role of instincts 
B) lack of direction of some subjects 
C) ​role of imitation 
D) role of genius 
E) problem itself

Question 7

​Perhaps the major contribution of Gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​focus on perception 
B) focus on the principles of perceptual organization 
C) ​legitimization of conscious experiences 
D) similarity between Gestalt insight learning and Freud's notion of insight 
E) precision of its methodology 
A) ​focus on perception 
B) focus on the principles of perceptual organization 
C) ​legitimization of conscious experiences 
D) similarity between Gestalt insight learning and Freud's notion of insight 
E) precision of its methodology

Question 8

Lewin's concepts of force,valence,and vector were borrowed from physiology.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Köhler's basic criterion for intelligence was ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the ability to solve problems 
B) the ability to mimic the humans in their environment 
C) ​the speed with which subjects solve problems 
D) the number of trial-and-error attempts the subject made 
E) whether the subject required a reinforcer to solve a problem 
A) ​the ability to solve problems 
B) the ability to mimic the humans in their environment 
C) ​the speed with which subjects solve problems 
D) the number of trial-and-error attempts the subject made 
E) whether the subject required a reinforcer to solve a problem

Question 10

​The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​problem solving 
B) Einsicht 
C) ​Einfall 
D) über-Ich 
E) Seele 
A) ​problem solving 
B) Einsicht 
C) ​Einfall 
D) über-Ich 
E) Seele

Question 11

​Köhler reported that he was "shocked" by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​the phi phenomenon 
B) the primates' insight learning 
C) ​Wundt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms 
D) Thorndike's law of effect 
E) Watson's behaviorism 
A) ​the phi phenomenon 
B) the primates' insight learning 
C) ​Wundt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms 
D) Thorndike's law of effect 
E) Watson's behaviorism

Question 12

​Like Skinner,Lewin argued that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​a mathematical model was the ultimate goal of psychology 
B) the individual person should be the focus of study 
C) ​the "whole" of the environment and S-R contingencies must be considered in the functional analysis of behavior 
D) statistics were not useful 
E) behavior should be the focus of behaviorism 
A) ​a mathematical model was the ultimate goal of psychology 
B) the individual person should be the focus of study 
C) ​the "whole" of the environment and S-R contingencies must be considered in the functional analysis of behavior 
D) statistics were not useful 
E) behavior should be the focus of behaviorism

Question 13

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​goals 
B) insight 
C) ​vectors 
D) valences 
E) the Zeigarnik effect 
A) ​goals 
B) insight 
C) ​vectors 
D) valences 
E) the Zeigarnik effect

Question 14

Köhler argued that solving a problem requires ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​experience with the tools available in the perceptual field 
B) a restructuring of the perceptual field 
C) ​opposable thumbs 
D) critical thinking skills 
E) transfer of training 
A) ​experience with the tools available in the perceptual field 
B) a restructuring of the perceptual field 
C) ​opposable thumbs 
D) critical thinking skills 
E) transfer of training

Question 15

​An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​vectors 
B) barriers 
C) ​goals 
D) valences 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) ​vectors 
B) barriers 
C) ​goals 
D) valences 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

​For Mach,sensations are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​temporal 
B) dependent on the elements of which they are composed 
C) ​spatial 
D) independent of the elements of which they are composed 
E) illusory 
A) ​temporal 
B) dependent on the elements of which they are composed 
C) ​spatial 
D) independent of the elements of which they are composed 
E) illusory

Question 17

The Gestalt principles of organization ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​depend on higher mental processes 
B) depend on past experiences 
C) ​are present in the stimuli themselves 
D) are central factors 
E) did not receive research support 
A) ​depend on higher mental processes 
B) depend on past experiences 
C) ​are present in the stimuli themselves 
D) are central factors 
E) did not receive research support

Question 18

Maslow's self-actualized person concept was based partly on Lewin.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to Köhler,insight involves ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the learning of a stimulus-response association 
B) the learning of a connection between a response and reinforcement 
C) ​an immediate apprehension or cognition of relationships 
D) the ability to use intuition to solve problems 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) ​the learning of a stimulus-response association 
B) the learning of a connection between a response and reinforcement 
C) ​an immediate apprehension or cognition of relationships 
D) the ability to use intuition to solve problems 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

​According to Lewin,life space ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​is another term for locus of control 
B) refers only to the physical environment in which a person lives 
C) ​represents the goals a person has in life 
D) corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior 
E) is similar to sensitivity training 
A) ​is another term for locus of control 
B) refers only to the physical environment in which a person lives 
C) ​represents the goals a person has in life 
D) corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior 
E) is similar to sensitivity training

Describe Köhler's "insight" learning and Thorndike's law of effect.What is(are)the major difference(s)between the two?

____ was the spokesman for the Gestalt movement who studied the thinking processes of chimpanzees,left Germany because of his anti-Nazi activities,came to the United States,and eventually became president of the American Psychological Association.

What are the major contributions of Gestalt psychology to psychology as a discipline?

In Germany,the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was ____.

One reason Gestalt psychology did not influence American psychology in the 1930s was that its criticisms of Wundt's system were no longer necessary.

In the original source material from The Mentality of Apes,Köhler argued that "a particular difficulty must lie in the ____."

Perhaps the major contribution of Gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the ____.

Lewin's concepts of force,valence,and vector were borrowed from physiology.

Köhler's basic criterion for intelligence was ____.

The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ____.

Köhler reported that he was "shocked" by ____.

Like Skinner,Lewin argued that ____.

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of ____.

Köhler argued that solving a problem requires ____.

An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of ____.

For Mach,sensations are ____.

The Gestalt principles of organization ____.

Maslow's self-actualized person concept was based partly on Lewin.

According to Köhler,insight involves ____.

According to Lewin,life space ____.

The Study of the History of Psychology.

Philosophical Influences on Psychology

Physiological Influences on Psychology

The New Psychology.

Structuralism

Functionalism: Antecedent Influences

Functionalism: Development and Founding

Applied Psychology: the Legacy of Functionalism

Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences.

Behaviorism: the Beginnings

Behaviorism: After the Founding.

Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings.

Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

Contemporary Developments in Psychology.

Filters

Exam 12: gestalt Psychology

Describe Köhler's "insight" learning and Thorndike's law of effect.What is(are)the major difference(s)between the two?​

____ was the spokesman for the Gestalt movement who studied the thinking processes of chimpanzees,left Germany because of his anti-Nazi activities,came to the United States,and eventually became president of the American Psychological Association.

What are the major contributions of Gestalt psychology to psychology as a discipline?​

​In Germany,the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was ____.

One reason Gestalt psychology did not influence American psychology in the 1930s was that its criticisms of Wundt's system were no longer necessary.​

In the original source material from The Mentality of Apes,Köhler argued that "a particular difficulty must lie in the ____."​

​Perhaps the major contribution of Gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the ____.

Lewin's concepts of force,valence,and vector were borrowed from physiology.​

Köhler's basic criterion for intelligence was ____.​

​The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ____.

​Köhler reported that he was "shocked" by ____.

​Like Skinner,Lewin argued that ____.

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of ____.​

Köhler argued that solving a problem requires ____.​

​An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of ____.

​For Mach,sensations are ____.

The Gestalt principles of organization ____.​

Maslow's self-actualized person concept was based partly on Lewin.​

According to Köhler,insight involves ____.​

​According to Lewin,life space ____.

The Study of the History of Psychology.

Philosophical Influences on Psychology

Physiological Influences on Psychology

The New Psychology.

Structuralism

Functionalism: Antecedent Influences

Functionalism: Development and Founding

Applied Psychology: the Legacy of Functionalism

Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences.

Behaviorism: the Beginnings

Behaviorism: After the Founding.

Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings.

Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

Contemporary Developments in Psychology.

Filters

Describe Köhler's "insight" learning and Thorndike's law of effect.What is(are)the major difference(s)between the two?

What are the major contributions of Gestalt psychology to psychology as a discipline?

In Germany,the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was ____.

One reason Gestalt psychology did not influence American psychology in the 1930s was that its criticisms of Wundt's system were no longer necessary.

In the original source material from The Mentality of Apes,Köhler argued that "a particular difficulty must lie in the ____."

Perhaps the major contribution of Gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the ____.

Lewin's concepts of force,valence,and vector were borrowed from physiology.

Köhler's basic criterion for intelligence was ____.

The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ____.

Köhler reported that he was "shocked" by ____.

Like Skinner,Lewin argued that ____.

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of ____.

Köhler argued that solving a problem requires ____.

An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of ____.

For Mach,sensations are ____.

The Gestalt principles of organization ____.

Maslow's self-actualized person concept was based partly on Lewin.

According to Köhler,insight involves ____.

According to Lewin,life space ____.