Question 1

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid opponent after-effects. 
B)  increase opponent after-effects. 
C)  enjoy the primary pleasurable effects. 
D)  enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects. 
A)  avoid opponent after-effects. 
B)  increase opponent after-effects. 
C)  enjoy the primary pleasurable effects. 
D)  enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects.

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eliciting stimulus is usually easy to identify. 
B)  They are species-specific response patterns. 
C)  The threshold for eliciting the behavior is relatively invariant. 
D)  The eliciting stimulus will have similar effects over different situations. 
A)  The eliciting stimulus is usually easy to identify. 
B)  They are species-specific response patterns. 
C)  The threshold for eliciting the behavior is relatively invariant. 
D)  The eliciting stimulus will have similar effects over different situations.

Question 3

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why repeated presentations of the same...

Question 4

According to the opponent-process theory,drug tolerance develops because

Accepted Answer

A)  the a process weakens. 
B)  the b process weakens. 
C)  the a process strengthens. 
D)  the b process strengthens. 
A)  the a process weakens. 
B)  the b process weakens. 
C)  the a process strengthens. 
D)  the b process strengthens.

Question 5

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially,there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  fatigue. 
C)  sensory adaptation. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  habituation. 
B)  fatigue. 
C)  sensory adaptation. 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

Accepted Answer

A)  a squirrel eating a walnut 
B)  a robin searching for a worm 
C)  a grandmother preparing a pie 
D)  a young man issuing a threatening gesture 
A)  a squirrel eating a walnut 
B)  a robin searching for a worm 
C)  a grandmother preparing a pie 
D)  a young man issuing a threatening gesture

Question 7

The respiratory occlusion response in babies begins with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a swiping motion across the face; then the infant pulls away, then cries 
B)  crying; then the infant pulls away, then swipes the face 
C)  pulling the head back; then the infant swipes the face, then cries 
D)  pulling the head back; then the infant cries, then swipes the face 
A)  a swiping motion across the face; then the infant pulls away, then cries 
B)  crying; then the infant pulls away, then swipes the face 
C)  pulling the head back; then the infant swipes the face, then cries 
D)  pulling the head back; then the infant cries, then swipes the face

Question 8

According to the dual-process theory,each presentation of a given stimulus activates

Accepted Answer

A)  both the state and S-R systems. 
B)  the state system and may activate the S-R system. 
C)  the S-R system. 
D)  the state system. 
A)  both the state and S-R systems. 
B)  the state system and may activate the S-R system. 
C)  the S-R system. 
D)  the state system.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  usually found in many species 
B)  involves species-specific responses 
C)  cannot be elicited by a stimulus found in the organism's usual environment 
D)  involves movement towards or away from a stimulus 
A)  usually found in many species 
B)  involves species-specific responses 
C)  cannot be elicited by a stimulus found in the organism's usual environment 
D)  involves movement towards or away from a stimulus

Question 10

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  either less than or greater than (depending on the stimulus) 
D)  equal to 
A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  either less than or greater than (depending on the stimulus) 
D)  equal to

Question 11

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants,hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infants will show uniformly high levels of responding across all trials. 
B)  The infants will increase, then decrease, responding. 
C)  The infants will decrease, then increase, responding. 
D)  The infants will show a high level of responding on the first trial, then decreasing responding on subsequent trials. 
A)  The infants will show uniformly high levels of responding across all trials. 
B)  The infants will increase, then decrease, responding. 
C)  The infants will decrease, then increase, responding. 
D)  The infants will show a high level of responding on the first trial, then decreasing responding on subsequent trials.

Question 12

Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved in emotion regulation and drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved...

Question 13

Explain how the same reflex can both promote and interfere with the well being of an organism.

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic, involuntary resp

Question 14

In Aplysia,the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
B)  increase the release of neurotransmitter from the sensory neuron. 
C)  decrease the sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
D)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter from the motor neuron. 
A)  increase sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
B)  increase the release of neurotransmitter from the sensory neuron. 
C)  decrease the sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
D)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter from the motor neuron.

Question 15

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism. 
B)  Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions. 
C)  Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior. 
D)  The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship. 
A)  Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism. 
B)  Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions. 
C)  Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior. 
D)  The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship.

Question 16

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are invariant and make good controls. 
B)  They are present in most animals except humans and provide clues to the evolution of behavior. 
C)  They do not occur the same way each time the eliciting stimulus is presented. 
D)  They allow for voluntary behavior in non-human animals. 
A)  They are invariant and make good controls. 
B)  They are present in most animals except humans and provide clues to the evolution of behavior. 
C)  They do not occur the same way each time the eliciting stimulus is presented. 
D)  They allow for voluntary behavior in non-human animals.

Question 17

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process...

Question 18

Successful nursing requires practice because the baby normally does which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituates to the nipple 
B)  becomes sensitized to the nipple 
C)  may have a respiratory occlusion response 
D)  has numerous taxis behaviors 
A)  habituates to the nipple 
B)  becomes sensitized to the nipple 
C)  may have a respiratory occlusion response 
D)  has numerous taxis behaviors

Question 19

Pain caused by foot-shock sensitizes rats to

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory cues only. 
B)  visual cues only. 
C)  auditory and visual cues. 
D)  all cues. 
A)  auditory cues only. 
B)  visual cues only. 
C)  auditory and visual cues. 
D)  all cues.

Question 20

Repeated presentations of a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  result in short-term and long-term habituation effects. 
B)  result in long-term habituation effects only. 
C)  result in spontaneous recovery if enough time passes. 
D)  None of these 
A)  result in short-term and long-term habituation effects. 
B)  result in long-term habituation effects only. 
C)  result in spontaneous recovery if enough time passes. 
D)  None of these

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a modal action pattern?

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

According to the opponent-process theory,drug tolerance develops because

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially,there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

The respiratory occlusion response in babies begins with which of the following?

According to the dual-process theory,each presentation of a given stimulus activates

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants,hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved in emotion regulation and drug addiction.

Explain how the same reflex can both promote and interfere with the well being of an organism.

In Aplysia,the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Successful nursing requires practice because the baby normally does which of the following actions?

Pain caused by foot-shock sensitizes rats to

Repeated presentations of a stimulus

Introduction

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a modal action pattern?

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

According to the opponent-process theory,drug tolerance develops because

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially,there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

The respiratory occlusion response in babies begins with which of the following?

According to the dual-process theory,each presentation of a given stimulus activates

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants,hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Describe how habituation and sensitization are involved in emotion regulation and drug addiction.

Explain how the same reflex can both promote and interfere with the well being of an organism.

In Aplysia,the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Successful nursing requires practice because the baby normally does which of the following actions?

Pain caused by foot-shock sensitizes rats to

Repeated presentations of a stimulus

Introduction

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters