Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the "three Rs" for animal research as described by Russell and Burch?

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement 
B)  refining 
C)  referencing 
D)  reducing 
A)  replacement 
B)  refining 
C)  referencing 
D)  reducing

Question 2

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes,John Locke,Thomas Hobbes,Thomas Brown,Aristotle,Hermann Ebbinghaus,I.M.Sechenov,Ivan Pavlov,Charles Darwin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the contributions to the study of...

Question 3

Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Causes can only be inferred, not observed directly. 
B)  Causes are very similar across situations. 
C)  Observations only provide evidence of prior experiences. 
D)  Observational studies are only sufficient to document short-term behavior changes. 
A)  Causes can only be inferred, not observed directly. 
B)  Causes are very similar across situations. 
C)  Observations only provide evidence of prior experiences. 
D)  Observational studies are only sufficient to document short-term behavior changes.

Question 4

All of the following are true of British empiricists except

Accepted Answer

A)  they believed that ideas were based on associations of simple sensory events. 
B)  they conducted experiments to test the rules of association. 
C)  they held that the mind was a blank slate at birth. 
D)  they thought that sense experiences were the basis of knowledge. 
A)  they believed that ideas were based on associations of simple sensory events. 
B)  they conducted experiments to test the rules of association. 
C)  they held that the mind was a blank slate at birth. 
D)  they thought that sense experiences were the basis of knowledge.

Question 5

Why is the learning-performance distinction important to researchers of learning phenomena? Provide three types of behavioral change that are not considered to be learning.Describe how each fails to meet the definition of learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the learning-performance distinction important to...

Question 6

The generation of new,previously unknown facts about behavior must come from

Accepted Answer

A)  computer modeling. 
B)  studying live organisms. 
C)  studying live humans. 
D)  studying live non-humans. 
A)  computer modeling. 
B)  studying live organisms. 
C)  studying live humans. 
D)  studying live non-humans.

Question 7

The concept of hedonism as the control for voluntary behavior was proposed by which philosopher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle 
B)  Locke 
C)  Hobbes 
D)  Brown 
A)  Aristotle 
B)  Locke 
C)  Hobbes 
D)  Brown

Question 8

Why would one use an animal model of human behavior? What contributes to the validity of such studies? What precautions must be heeded while interpreting the data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why would one use an animal model...

Question 9

Like Descartes,Sechenov believed that reflexes were due to

Accepted Answer

A)  inflation of the muscle by gases. 
B)  neural transmission by animal spirits. 
C)  the fixed anatomy of the nervous system. 
D)  irritation of nerves. 
A)  inflation of the muscle by gases. 
B)  neural transmission by animal spirits. 
C)  the fixed anatomy of the nervous system. 
D)  irritation of nerves.

Question 10

Which of the following best characterizes Pavlov's extension of Descartes' theory of reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov demonstrated that new reflexes could develop through a mechanism of association. 
B)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are innate and based on neural anatomy. 
C)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are due to a stimulus releasing a response from inhibition. 
D)  Pavlov demonstrated that complex ideas develop from associations between sensory experiences. 
A)  Pavlov demonstrated that new reflexes could develop through a mechanism of association. 
B)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are innate and based on neural anatomy. 
C)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are due to a stimulus releasing a response from inhibition. 
D)  Pavlov demonstrated that complex ideas develop from associations between sensory experiences.

Question 11

Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

A)  argued that nonhuman animals had the capacity for curiosity, attention, and aesthetic sensibility. 
B)  provided compelling evidence for various forms of animal intelligence. 
C)  suggested that physical but not psychological traits are the product of evolution. 
D)  All of these 
A)  argued that nonhuman animals had the capacity for curiosity, attention, and aesthetic sensibility. 
B)  provided compelling evidence for various forms of animal intelligence. 
C)  suggested that physical but not psychological traits are the product of evolution. 
D)  All of these

Question 12

Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and how the concept of the reflex has changed since his time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and...

Question 13

Which of the following are rationales for the use of animal models of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal models are cheaper than studies with humans. 
B)  Animal models permit the investigations to be carried out more simply. 
C)  Animal models allow for circumstances that can be better controlled. 
D)  All of these 
A)  Animal models are cheaper than studies with humans. 
B)  Animal models permit the investigations to be carried out more simply. 
C)  Animal models allow for circumstances that can be better controlled. 
D)  All of these

Question 14

The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called

Accepted Answer

A)  dualism. 
B)  nativism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  reflexism. 
A)  dualism. 
B)  nativism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  reflexism.

Question 15

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  One must assume that the animal in question is like humans. 
B)  The animal behavior must be as complex as human behavior. 
C)  One must identify a relevant similarity between the animal model and the human behavior of interest. 
D)  The animal behavior must be similar to human behavior in most respects. 
A)  One must assume that the animal in question is like humans. 
B)  The animal behavior must be as complex as human behavior. 
C)  One must identify a relevant similarity between the animal model and the human behavior of interest. 
D)  The animal behavior must be similar to human behavior in most respects.

Question 16

Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov extended Descartes' early conceptualization of the role reflexes have in human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and...

Question 17

John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contractions were not produced by an infusion of gas. 
B)  mechanical irritation of a nerve produced a muscle contraction. 
C)  nerves are hollow tubes. 
D)  separate nerves are involved in sensory and motor transmission. 
A)  muscle contractions were not produced by an infusion of gas. 
B)  mechanical irritation of a nerve produced a muscle contraction. 
C)  nerves are hollow tubes. 
D)  separate nerves are involved in sensory and motor transmission.

Question 18

Describe the rationale for using animal models to study human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the rationale for using animal models...

Question 19

Which of the following most correctly states Descartes' position on human and animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human behavior is governed by free will; animal behavior is governed by reflexes. 
B)  A few human and animal behaviors are governed by free will; most are governed by reflexes. 
C)  Voluntary human behaviors are governed by free will; involuntary human behaviors and all animal behaviors are governed by reflexes. 
D)  All human and animal behaviors can be explained by reflex mechanisms. 
A)  Human behavior is governed by free will; animal behavior is governed by reflexes. 
B)  A few human and animal behaviors are governed by free will; most are governed by reflexes. 
C)  Voluntary human behaviors are governed by free will; involuntary human behaviors and all animal behaviors are governed by reflexes. 
D)  All human and animal behaviors can be explained by reflex mechanisms.

Question 20

Of the primary rules of association,which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity 
B)  contingency 
C)  contrast 
D)  contiguity 
A)  similarity 
B)  contingency 
C)  contrast 
D)  contiguity

Which of the following is not one of the "three Rs" for animal research as described by Russell and Burch?

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes,John Locke,Thomas Hobbes,Thomas Brown,Aristotle,Hermann Ebbinghaus,I.M.Sechenov,Ivan Pavlov,Charles Darwin.

Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?

All of the following are true of British empiricists except

Why is the learning-performance distinction important to researchers of learning phenomena? Provide three types of behavioral change that are not considered to be learning.Describe how each fails to meet the definition of learning.

The generation of new,previously unknown facts about behavior must come from

The concept of hedonism as the control for voluntary behavior was proposed by which philosopher?

Why would one use an animal model of human behavior? What contributes to the validity of such studies? What precautions must be heeded while interpreting the data?

Like Descartes,Sechenov believed that reflexes were due to

Which of the following best characterizes Pavlov's extension of Descartes' theory of reflexes?

Charles Darwin

Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and how the concept of the reflex has changed since his time.

Which of the following are rationales for the use of animal models of human behavior?

The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov extended Descartes' early conceptualization of the role reflexes have in human behavior.

John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

Describe the rationale for using animal models to study human behavior.

Which of the following most correctly states Descartes' position on human and animal behavior?

Of the primary rules of association,which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

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Exam 1: Introduction

Which of the following is not one of the "three Rs" for animal research as described by Russell and Burch?

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes,John Locke,Thomas Hobbes,Thomas Brown,Aristotle,Hermann Ebbinghaus,I.M.Sechenov,Ivan Pavlov,Charles Darwin.

Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?

All of the following are true of British empiricists except

Why is the learning-performance distinction important to researchers of learning phenomena? Provide three types of behavioral change that are not considered to be learning.Describe how each fails to meet the definition of learning.

The generation of new,previously unknown facts about behavior must come from

The concept of hedonism as the control for voluntary behavior was proposed by which philosopher?

Why would one use an animal model of human behavior? What contributes to the validity of such studies? What precautions must be heeded while interpreting the data?

Like Descartes,Sechenov believed that reflexes were due to

Which of the following best characterizes Pavlov's extension of Descartes' theory of reflexes?

Charles Darwin

Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and how the concept of the reflex has changed since his time.

Which of the following are rationales for the use of animal models of human behavior?

The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov extended Descartes' early conceptualization of the role reflexes have in human behavior.

John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

Describe the rationale for using animal models to study human behavior.

Which of the following most correctly states Descartes' position on human and animal behavior?

Of the primary rules of association,which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters