Question 1

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This relationship is

Accepted Answer

A)  weak and positive 
B)  strong and negative 
C)  moderate and positive 
D)  positive and weak 
A)  weak and positive 
B)  strong and negative 
C)  moderate and positive 
D)  positive and weak

Question 2

Which is the correct expression for finding E1?

Accepted Answer

A)  N - k 
B)  N - E2 
C)  phi - V 
D)  N - (largest row total) 
A)  N - k 
B)  N - E2 
C)  phi - V 
D)  N - (largest row total)

Question 3

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variable measured at the

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal level 
B)  ordinal level 
C)  interval-ratio level 
D)  any level of measurement 
A)  nominal level 
B)  ordinal level 
C)  interval-ratio level 
D)  any level of measurement

Question 4

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases. This is a ________ relationship

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  important 
C)  negative 
D)  associational 
A)  positive 
B)  important 
C)  negative 
D)  associational

Question 5

According to the logic of proportional reduction of error (PRE), if two variables are associated then information about the independent variable

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates errors in the prediction of the dependent variable 
B)  reduces the number of errors in predicting the dependent variable 
C)  has no effect on the ability to predict the dependent variable 
D)  decreases errors of prediction for negative relationships and increases errors for positive relationships 
A)  eliminates errors in the prediction of the dependent variable 
B)  reduces the number of errors in predicting the dependent variable 
C)  has no effect on the ability to predict the dependent variable 
D)  decreases errors of prediction for negative relationships and increases errors for positive relationships

Question 6

In computing Spearman's rho, the sum of the D column must be

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  N 
C)  0 
D)  the mean rank squared 
A)  1 
B)  N 
C)  0 
D)  the mean rank squared

Question 7

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30. Our PRE for this relationship is

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  90% 
C)  3% 
D)  9% 
A)  30% 
B)  90% 
C)  3% 
D)  9%

Question 8

In the formula for gamma, Ns represents the number of pairs of cases

Accepted Answer

A)  in all similar cells 
B)  ranked the same on both variables 
C)  in all cells 
D)  that have the same score 
A)  in all similar cells 
B)  ranked the same on both variables 
C)  in all cells 
D)  that have the same score

Question 9

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Accepted Answer

A)  rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable 
B)  the rank of a case from its score 
C)  rank on gamma vs. rank on phi 
D)  score on X while ignoring Y 
A)  rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable 
B)  the rank of a case from its score 
C)  rank on gamma vs. rank on phi 
D)  score on X while ignoring Y

Question 10

If you would like to compute a chi-square based measure of association for a 3x4 table, the appropriate measure would be

Accepted Answer

A)  Cramer's V 
B)  phi 
C)  lambda 
D)  the maximum difference 
A)  Cramer's V 
B)  phi 
C)  lambda 
D)  the maximum difference

Question 11

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  library use increases with education 
B)  the well-educated are more likely to purchase books 
C)  as education goes up, people are less likely to go to the library 
D)  people with limited funds have greater need for free public libraries 
A)  library use increases with education 
B)  the well-educated are more likely to purchase books 
C)  as education goes up, people are less likely to go to the library 
D)  people with limited funds have greater need for free public libraries

Question 12

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Accepted Answer

A)  None, the argument is sound 
B)  Income is only nominal in level of measurement and education is ordinal so they cannot be causally related 
C)  Since these variables are continuous and interval ratio, they cannot have a causal relationship 
D)  By itself, association does not prove causation 
A)  None, the argument is sound 
B)  Income is only nominal in level of measurement and education is ordinal so they cannot be causally related 
C)  Since these variables are continuous and interval ratio, they cannot have a causal relationship 
D)  By itself, association does not prove causation

Question 13

Conventionally, each column of a bivariate table represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the highest scores of each variable 
B)  a category of the independent variable (X) 
C)  a category of the dependent variable (Y) 
D)  the lowest scores on each variable 
A)  the highest scores of each variable 
B)  a category of the independent variable (X) 
C)  a category of the dependent variable (Y) 
D)  the lowest scores on each variable

Question 14

In the formula for Cramer's V, the expression (minimum of r-1, c-1)

Accepted Answer

A)  appears in the numerator 
B)  tells us to use phi if there are fewer than 3 rows or columns 
C)  is in the denominator 
D)  is used only for samples larger than 100 
A)  appears in the numerator 
B)  tells us to use phi if there are fewer than 3 rows or columns 
C)  is in the denominator 
D)  is used only for samples larger than 100

Question 15

A gamma computed on the relationship between marital happiness and amount of TV viewing is +0.78. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  if we know how pairs of couples compare on TV viewing, we would be 78% better off predicting their ranks on marital happiness 
B)  happily married couples don't watch TV 
C)  couples that watch a lot of TV tend to be unhappy 
D)  TV causes divorce 
A)  if we know how pairs of couples compare on TV viewing, we would be 78% better off predicting their ranks on marital happiness 
B)  happily married couples don't watch TV 
C)  couples that watch a lot of TV tend to be unhappy 
D)  TV causes divorce

Question 16

If there is a perfect association between sexual attraction and accelerated heartbeat, then

Accepted Answer

A)  sex is unhealthy 
B)  there is strong evidence that sexual attraction and accelerated heartbeat are causally related 
C)  if there is no sexual attraction, the heartbeat never accelerates 
D)  whenever the heartbeat accelerates, people become sexually attractive 
A)  sex is unhealthy 
B)  there is strong evidence that sexual attraction and accelerated heartbeat are causally related 
C)  if there is no sexual attraction, the heartbeat never accelerates 
D)  whenever the heartbeat accelerates, people become sexually attractive

Question 17

Since gamma is a PRE measure, it tells us

Accepted Answer

A)  the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the dependent variable (Y) into account 
B)  the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the independent variable (X) into account 
C)  how much better off we are by knowing the value of the independent variable 
D)  how much is gained by having full knowledge of both scores for each case 
A)  the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the dependent variable (Y) into account 
B)  the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the independent variable (X) into account 
C)  how much better off we are by knowing the value of the independent variable 
D)  how much is gained by having full knowledge of both scores for each case

Question 18

In the formula for gamma, Nd represents the number of pairs of cases

Accepted Answer

A)  in all dissimilar cells 
B)  ranked differently on both variables 
C)  with low scores 
D)  that have different scores on either variable 
A)  in all dissimilar cells 
B)  ranked differently on both variables 
C)  with low scores 
D)  that have different scores on either variable

Question 19

Proportional reduction in error (PRE) measures of association are based on the logic of

Accepted Answer

A)  percentages 
B)  inference 
C)  prediction 
D)  zero errors 
A)  percentages 
B)  inference 
C)  prediction 
D)  zero errors

Question 20

In tables larger than 2x2, the upper limit of phi

Accepted Answer

A)  can be greater than 1.00 
B)  can be less than zero 
C)  is no more than 0.05 
D)  is 100 
A)  can be greater than 1.00 
B)  can be less than zero 
C)  is no more than 0.05 
D)  is 100

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This relationship is

Which is the correct expression for finding E1?

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variable measured at the

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases. This is a ________ relationship

According to the logic of proportional reduction of error (PRE), if two variables are associated then information about the independent variable

In computing Spearman's rho, the sum of the D column must be

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30. Our PRE for this relationship is

In the formula for gamma, Ns represents the number of pairs of cases

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

If you would like to compute a chi-square based measure of association for a 3x4 table, the appropriate measure would be

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This indicates that

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Conventionally, each column of a bivariate table represents

In the formula for Cramer's V, the expression (minimum of r-1, c-1)

A gamma computed on the relationship between marital happiness and amount of TV viewing is +0.78. This means that

If there is a perfect association between sexual attraction and accelerated heartbeat, then

Since gamma is a PRE measure, it tells us

In the formula for gamma, Nd represents the number of pairs of cases

Proportional reduction in error (PRE) measures of association are based on the logic of

In tables larger than 2x2, the upper limit of phi

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Percentages, Ratios Rates, Tables, Charts Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling the Sampling Distribution

Hypothesis Testing I the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and

Filters

Exam 11: Bivariate Association for Nominal- and Ordinal-Level Variables

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This relationship is

Which is the correct expression for finding E1?

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variable measured at the

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases. This is a ________ relationship

According to the logic of proportional reduction of error (PRE), if two variables are associated then information about the independent variable

In computing Spearman's rho, the sum of the D column must be

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30. Our PRE for this relationship is

In the formula for gamma, Ns represents the number of pairs of cases

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

If you would like to compute a chi-square based measure of association for a 3x4 table, the appropriate measure would be

For a relationship involving education and library use, gamma was +0.37. This indicates that

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Conventionally, each column of a bivariate table represents

In the formula for Cramer's V, the expression (minimum of r-1, c-1)

A gamma computed on the relationship between marital happiness and amount of TV viewing is +0.78. This means that

If there is a perfect association between sexual attraction and accelerated heartbeat, then

Since gamma is a PRE measure, it tells us

In the formula for gamma, Nd represents the number of pairs of cases

Proportional reduction in error (PRE) measures of association are based on the logic of

In tables larger than 2x2, the upper limit of phi

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Percentages, Ratios Rates, Tables, Charts Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling the Sampling Distribution

Hypothesis Testing I the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and

Filters