Question 1

Which acid-base abnormalities would be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis 
A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis

Question 2

The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Accepted Answer

renin-angi

Question 3

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code:
-40/1

Accepted Answer

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-no fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 5

What happens if the [HCO₃]/[CO₂] ratio is 40/1?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidneys will decrease H+ excretion and increase HCO3- excretion to compensate. 
B)  Respiration will become shallow and slow to compensate. 
C)  Respiration will become deep and rapid to compensate. 
D)  a and b 
A)  The kidneys will decrease H+ excretion and increase HCO3- excretion to compensate. 
B)  Respiration will become shallow and slow to compensate. 
C)  Respiration will become deep and rapid to compensate. 
D)  a and b

Question 6

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urine excretion is the most important ____________________...

Question 7

Slow,shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood,returning pH to normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-this occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 9

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the...

Question 10

The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The barrier between the plasma and interstitial...

Question 11

Which statement concerning hypotonicity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  During hypotonicity, water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B)  The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid. 
C)  Hypotonicity is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D)  Hypotonicity is usually associated with a negative water balance. 
A)  During hypotonicity, water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B)  The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid. 
C)  Hypotonicity is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D)  Hypotonicity is usually associated with a negative water balance.

Question 12

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-amount of H₂O excreted

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 13

The primary ECF cation is _____,and the primary ICF cation is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+, Na+ 
B)  K+, Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+, Na+ 
D)  Na+, K+ 
A)  K+, Na+ 
B)  K+, Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+, Na+ 
D)  Na+, K+

Question 14

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic,what is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H⁺?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3- 
B)  OH- 
C)  NH3 
D)  NH4+ 
A)  HCO3- 
B)  OH- 
C)  NH3 
D)  NH4+

Question 16

When the ECF becomes hypertonic,water __________

Accepted Answer

A)  Water movement is unaffected. 
B)  Water moves into the cells by active transport. 
C)  Water moves into the cells by osmosis. 
D)  Water moves out of the cells by osmosis. 
A)  Water movement is unaffected. 
B)  Water moves into the cells by active transport. 
C)  Water moves into the cells by osmosis. 
D)  Water moves out of the cells by osmosis.

Question 17

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-aspirin poisoning

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is...

Question 19

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-permeability of distal and collecting tubules to H₂O

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a source of water input?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid intake 
B)  ingested food 
C)  osmotic diuresis 
A)  fluid intake 
B)  ingested food 
C)  osmotic diuresis

Which acid-base abnormalities would be present?

The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -40/1

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -no fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF

What happens if the [HCO₃]/[CO₂] ratio is 40/1?

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Slow,shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood,returning pH to normal.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -this occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Which statement concerning hypotonicity is correct?

The primary ECF cation is _,and the primary ICF cation is _.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic,what is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H⁺?

When the ECF becomes hypertonic,water __________

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -aspirin poisoning

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Which of the following is NOT a source of water input?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Which acid-base abnormalities would be present?

The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -40/1

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -no fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF

What happens if the [HCO₃]/[CO₂] ratio is 40/1?

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Slow,shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood,returning pH to normal.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -this occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Which statement concerning hypotonicity is correct?

The primary ECF cation is _____,and the primary ICF cation is _____.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic,what is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H⁺?

When the ECF becomes hypertonic,water __________

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -aspirin poisoning

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Which of the following is NOT a source of water input?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

The primary ECF cation is _,and the primary ICF cation is _.