Question 1

As the reliability of a measure decreases, the magnitude of the correlations between that measure and other measures

Accepted Answer

A) decreases. 
B) increases. 
C) remains the same. 
D) approaches 1.00. 
A) decreases. 
B) increases. 
C) remains the same. 
D) approaches 1.00.

Question 2

If the correlation between two variables is .40, what is the coefficient of determination? What does the coefficient of determination indicate in this case?

Accepted Answer

The coefficient of determination is the

Question 3

Imagine you obtain a correlation coefficient of -.45 between two variables but find the correlation is not statistically significant. How would you interpret this correlation?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of -.45 indica

Question 4

When plotted on x- and y-axes, a correlation coefficient of .00 appears as a

Accepted Answer

A) line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal line. 
C) random array of scattered points. 
D) vertical line. 
A) line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal line. 
C) random array of scattered points. 
D) vertical line.

Question 5

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) +)41 
B) -)55 
C) +)50 
D) - .30 
A) +)41 
B) -)55 
C) +)50 
D) - .30

Question 6

On a scatterplot, a correlation of -1.00 appears as a

Accepted Answer

A) straight line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal straight line. 
C) curved line. 
D) straight line that slopes downward to the right. 
A) straight line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal straight line. 
C) curved line. 
D) straight line that slopes downward to the right.

Question 7

Research shows people tend to like attractive individuals more than unattractive ones. Imagine you think this effect occurs because people assume attractive people are friendlier than unattractive people. Explain how you would use partial correlation to test whether inferred friendliness mediates the relationship between physical attractiveness and liking.

Accepted Answer

To test whether inferred friendliness me

Question 8

Why do researchers test the statistical significance of the correlations they obtain?

Accepted Answer

Researchers test the statistical signifi

Question 9

A partial correlation is

Accepted Answer

A) based on only a portion of a sample. 
B) generally larger than the Pearson correlation. 
C) the correlation between two variables with the influence of other variables removed. 
D) a correlation in which the influence of error variance has been eliminated. 
A) based on only a portion of a sample. 
B) generally larger than the Pearson correlation. 
C) the correlation between two variables with the influence of other variables removed. 
D) a correlation in which the influence of error variance has been eliminated.

Question 10

Why can we not infer causality from correlation?

Accepted Answer

Correlation and causality are two fundam

Question 11

What is the coefficient of determination, and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The coefficient of determination, often

Question 12

A correlation coefficient of a given magnitude is more likely to be statistically significant when

Accepted Answer

A) the sample size is small rather than large. 
B) the error variance is large rather than small. 
C) the coefficient of determination is near zero. 
D) it is based on a large rather than a small number of scores. 
A) the sample size is small rather than large. 
B) the error variance is large rather than small. 
C) the coefficient of determination is near zero. 
D) it is based on a large rather than a small number of scores.

Question 13

On a scatterplot, a correlation coefficient of +1.00 appears as a

Accepted Answer

A) line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal line. 
C) random array of scattered points. 
D) vertical line. 
A) line that slopes upward to the right. 
B) horizontal line. 
C) random array of scattered points. 
D) vertical line.

Question 14

What is a spurious correlation?

Accepted Answer

A spurious correlation refers to a relat

Question 15

If the correlation between two variables is .00, we should conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) the variables are unrelated. 
B) the error variance is excessive. 
C) one variable can be predicted from the other. 
D) no linear relationship exists between the variables. 
A) the variables are unrelated. 
B) the error variance is excessive. 
C) one variable can be predicted from the other. 
D) no linear relationship exists between the variables.

Question 16

If a significant correlation is found between X and Y, that means

Accepted Answer

A) X may cause Y. 
B) Y may cause X. 
C) a third variable may cause both X and Y. 
D) that all of these answers are correct. 
A) X may cause Y. 
B) Y may cause X. 
C) a third variable may cause both X and Y. 
D) that all of these answers are correct.

Question 17

The correlation between self-esteem and shyness is

Accepted Answer

A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) zero. 
D) perfect. 
A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) zero. 
D) perfect.

Question 18

Which of the following can artificially deflate the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A) Having a large number of participants 
B) On-line outliers 
C) Restricted range of scores 
D) High reliability of the measures 
A) Having a large number of participants 
B) On-line outliers 
C) Restricted range of scores 
D) High reliability of the measures

As the reliability of a measure decreases, the magnitude of the correlations between that measure and other measures

If the correlation between two variables is .40, what is the coefficient of determination? What does the coefficient of determination indicate in this case?

Imagine you obtain a correlation coefficient of -.45 between two variables but find the correlation is not statistically significant. How would you interpret this correlation?

When plotted on x- and y-axes, a correlation coefficient of .00 appears as a

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest relationship between two variables?

On a scatterplot, a correlation of -1.00 appears as a

Why do researchers test the statistical significance of the correlations they obtain?

A partial correlation is

Why can we not infer causality from correlation?

What is the coefficient of determination, and why is it important?

A correlation coefficient of a given magnitude is more likely to be statistically significant when

On a scatterplot, a correlation coefficient of +1.00 appears as a

What is a spurious correlation?

If the correlation between two variables is .00, we should conclude that

If a significant correlation is found between X and Y, that means

The correlation between self-esteem and shyness is

Which of the following can artificially deflate the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

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Behavioral Variability and Research

The Measurement of Behavior

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Descriptive Research

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Exam 7: Correlational Research

As the reliability of a measure decreases, the magnitude of the correlations between that measure and other measures

If the correlation between two variables is .40, what is the coefficient of determination? What does the coefficient of determination indicate in this case?

Imagine you obtain a correlation coefficient of -.45 between two variables but find the correlation is not statistically significant. How would you interpret this correlation?

When plotted on x- and y-axes, a correlation coefficient of .00 appears as a

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest relationship between two variables?

On a scatterplot, a correlation of -1.00 appears as a

Why do researchers test the statistical significance of the correlations they obtain?

A partial correlation is

Why can we not infer causality from correlation?

What is the coefficient of determination, and why is it important?

A correlation coefficient of a given magnitude is more likely to be statistically significant when

On a scatterplot, a correlation coefficient of +1.00 appears as a

What is a spurious correlation?

If the correlation between two variables is .00, we should conclude that

If a significant correlation is found between X and Y, that means

The correlation between self-esteem and shyness is

Which of the following can artificially deflate the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

Research in the Behavioral Sciences

Behavioral Variability and Research

The Measurement of Behavior

Approaches to Psychological Measurement

Selecting Research Participants

Descriptive Research

Advanced Correlational Strategies

Basic Issues in Experimental Research

Experimental Design

Analyzing Experimental Data: Basic Concepts

Statistical Analysis

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Research

Ethical Issues in Behavioral Research

Scientific Writing

Filters