Exam 18: The Universe

A star of magnitude 1 appears ______________ times brighter than a star of magnitude 2.

The apparent path that the Sun traces annually along the celestial sphere is known as the ______________.

The majority of stars are

The Sun's high-speed charged nuclei and electrons form a fourth phase of matter known as a

The remaining core of a planetary nebula is called a _______________.

The longest diameter of the Milky Way is about how many light-years?

The Ulysses space probe of the Sun encountered the planet Jupiter in 1998 and returned to make a second sweep over the Sun's poles in 2000-2001. Determine the time (in seconds and minutes) that it took a radio signal to reach Earth when the space probe was at Jupiter. (Use 778 × 10⁶ km for the distance from the space probe to Earth. The distance varies because Earth and Jupiter are orbiting the Sun.)

The name of which astronomer is most closely linked with that of Henry Russell?

Enormous filaments of excited gas arching over the Sun's surface and extending hundreds of thousand of kilometers outward are called

In a star, the condition of balance between the inward force of gravity and the outward force of thermal and radiation pressure is known as _______________ equilibrium.

The closest star to the Sun is named _______________.

The greater the mass of a star, the _______________ it moves through its life cycle.

The brightest star (apparent magnitude -1) in the night sky in the Northern Hemisphere is named

What spectral class of star fits between a type G and a type M?

The two types of bright nebulae are emission nebulae and _______________ nebulae.

The apparent brightness of stars is ranked according to magnitude. The brightest stars were originally ranked as what magnitude?

Determine the distance to Proxima Centauri in light-years, if it is 1.3 pc away.

The two types of bright nebulae are emission nebulae and ______________ nebulae.

Calculate the distance to the Sun in light-minutes.

The name of which astronomer is most closely linked with that of Ejnar Hertzsprung?