Question 1

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the immune system 
B)  extend the life span 
C)  stimulate hormonal responses 
D)  all of the above 
A)  stimulate the immune system 
B)  extend the life span 
C)  stimulate hormonal responses 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  double radiation damage 
B)  be fatally toxic 
C)  reduce radiation effects by half 
D)  reduce radiation effects by one fourth 
A)  double radiation damage 
B)  be fatally toxic 
C)  reduce radiation effects by half 
D)  reduce radiation effects by one fourth B

Question 3

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a _____ dose-response relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold 
A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold A

Question 4

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold 
A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold

Question 5

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a _____ dose.

Accepted Answer

A)  protracted 
B)  fractionated 
C)  diagnostic 
D)  fatal 
A)  protracted 
B)  fractionated 
C)  diagnostic 
D)  fatal

Question 6

_____ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  LET 
B)  RBE 
C)  MeV 
D)  OER 
A)  LET 
B)  RBE 
C)  MeV 
D)  OER

Question 7

A _____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  non-threshold 
A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  non-threshold

Question 8

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  1 
A)  20 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  1

Question 9

Tissues that are _____ with a _____ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Accepted Answer

A)  immature, low 
B)  immature, high 
C)  mature, low 
D)  mature, high 
A)  immature, low 
B)  immature, high 
C)  mature, low 
D)  mature, high

Question 10

Tissue is _____ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _____ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  less, equally 
B)  less, more 
C)  more, less 
D)  more, equally 
A)  less, equally 
B)  less, more 
C)  more, less 
D)  more, equally

Question 11

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  recover between doses 
B)  have higher total doses 
C)  repair damaged tissues 
D)  all of the above 
A)  recover between doses 
B)  have higher total doses 
C)  repair damaged tissues 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

The law of _____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson and Crick 
B)  Roentgen and Plank 
C)  Hurter and Driffield 
D)  Bergonie and Tribondeau 
A)  Watson and Crick 
B)  Roentgen and Plank 
C)  Hurter and Driffield 
D)  Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 13

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/ μm.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  0.3 
C)  3.0 
D)  50 
A)  0.2 
B)  0.3 
C)  3.0 
D)  50

Question 14

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  radiosensitizing 
B)  hormesis 
C)  radioprotection 
D)  protraction 
A)  radiosensitizing 
B)  hormesis 
C)  radioprotection 
D)  protraction

Question 15

Humans are most radiosensitive during _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal stages 
B)  infancy 
C)  adulthood 
D)  old age 
A)  fetal stages 
B)  infancy 
C)  adulthood 
D)  old age

Question 16

A protracted dose of radiation is given _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  over a long period of time 
B)  all at one short exposure 
C)  in a series of separate doses 
D)  in two large doses 
A)  over a long period of time 
B)  all at one short exposure 
C)  in a series of separate doses 
D)  in two large doses

Question 17

If a response to radiation is expected,no matter how small the dose,then that dose-response is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  nonthreshold 
D)  threshold 
A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  nonthreshold 
D)  threshold

Question 18

As LET _____,the RBE _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, remains the same 
B)  decreases, remains the same 
C)  increases, increases 
D)  increases, decreases 
A)  increases, remains the same 
B)  decreases, remains the same 
C)  increases, increases 
D)  increases, decreases

Question 19

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  known responses from low doses 
B)  extrapolation from high ranges 
C)  human experiments 
D)  all of the above 
A)  known responses from low doses 
B)  extrapolation from high ranges 
C)  human experiments 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular repair 
B)  cellular repopulation 
C)  interphase death 
D)  sublethal damage 
A)  cellular repair 
B)  cellular repopulation 
C)  interphase death 
D)  sublethal damage

Exam 30: Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may _____.

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____.

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a _____ dose-response relationship.

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a _____ dose.

_____ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

A _____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Tissues that are _____ with a _____ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Tissue is _____ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _____ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to _____.

The law of _____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/ μm.

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called _____.

Humans are most radiosensitive during _____.

A protracted dose of radiation is given _____.

If a response to radiation is expected,no matter how small the dose,then that dose-response is _____.

As LET _____,the RBE _____.

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _____.

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is _____.

Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science

The Structure of Matter

Electromagnetic Energy

Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism

The X-ray Imaging System

The X-ray Tube

X-ray Production

X-ray Emission

X-ray Interaction with Matter

Concepts of Radiographic Image Quality

Control of Scatter Radiation

Screen-Film Radiography

Screen-Film Radiographic Technique

Computers in Medical Imaging

Computed Radiography

Digital Radiography

Digital Radiographic Technique

Viewing the Digital Radiographic Image

Screen-Film Radiographic Artifacts

Screen-Film Radiographic Quality Control

Digital Radiographic Artifacts

Digital Radiographic Quality Control

Mammography

Mammography Quality Control

Fluoroscopy

Digital Fluoroscopy

Interventional Radiography

Computed Tomography

Human Biology

Molecular Radiobiology

Cellular Radiobiology

Deterministic Effects of Radiation

Stochastic Effects of Radiation

Health Physics

Designing for Radiation Protection

Patient Radiation Dose Management

Occupational Radiation Dose Management

Filters

Tissues that are _ with a _ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Tissue is _ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

As LET _,the RBE _.