Question 1

Properties that must be true of all members of a category are termed ________ features.

Accepted Answer

A) prototypical 
B) schematic 
C) defining 
D) essential 
A) prototypical 
B) schematic 
C) defining 
D) essential

Question 2

Gilovich et al. (1995) found that bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympics were happier than the silver medalists: The silver medalists focused on the disappointment of finishing second rather than first. Gilovich et al.'s (1995) results provide evidence for:

Accepted Answer

A) the sleeper effect 
B) the misinformation effect 
C) the confirmation bias 
D) counterfactual thinking 
A) the sleeper effect 
B) the misinformation effect 
C) the confirmation bias 
D) counterfactual thinking

Question 3

Cory knows that the capital of Vermont is Montpelier. This is an example of a(n) _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic 
B) explicit 
C) procedural 
D) both A and B 
A) semantic 
B) explicit 
C) procedural 
D) both A and B

Question 4

Mr. Brown missed his flight by five minutes. "If only I hadn't misplaced my cell phone on the way out of the house . . . .Why couldn't the cabbie have taken the expressway instead of Forest Boulevard . . . I wish we hadn't got stuck behind that bus on 14th . . ," Mr. Brown keeps thinking. Mr. Brown is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A) counterfactual thinking 
B) the confirmation bias 
C) source monitoring processes 
D) the saliency bias 
A) counterfactual thinking 
B) the confirmation bias 
C) source monitoring processes 
D) the saliency bias

Question 5

It is 10:15 A.m.on a mid-semester Wednesday.Three sections of introductory psychology are meeting on the second floor of Old Main.In Room 201, Ms.Romero is describing implicit memory.Across the hall in 204, Dr.Darby's class is considering the differences between sensory and short-term memory.Finally, in Old Main 209, Dr.Eastwood is writing the terms 'encoding,' 'storage,' and 'retrieval' on the whiteboard.Ms.Romero is discussing memory ______.Dr.Darby's class is examining memory ________.Dr Eastwood is describing memory _________.

Accepted Answer

A) processes; types; stages 
B) stages; processes; types 
C) types; processes; stages 
A) processes; types; stages 
B) stages; processes; types 
C) types; processes; stages

Question 6

The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Princess Diana's death. The 1986 Challenger explosion. People's memories for the moment in which they learned of these events are termed ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A) snapshot 
B) flashbulb 
C) photocopy 
D) thumbnail 
A) snapshot 
B) flashbulb 
C) photocopy 
D) thumbnail

Question 7

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late 2008," reads a question on the midterm in an Economics course. Such a question is a ________ test of _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) recall; semantic 
B) recall; procedural 
C) recognition; semantic 
D) recognition; procedural 
A) recall; semantic 
B) recall; procedural 
C) recognition; semantic 
D) recognition; procedural

Question 8

Experts in a given area are less likely to be overconfident in their judgments than are novices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the "tip-of the-tongue" phenomenon, and is a failure of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) retention 
B) storage 
C) retrieval 
D) rehearsal 
A) retention 
B) storage 
C) retrieval 
D) rehearsal

Question 10

Stereotypes spring to mind easily. Therefore, we sometimes use them to judge the frequency of certain events such as crimes in a given neighborhood. This example BEST describes the use of the ________ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A) frequency 
B) salience 
C) confirmation 
D) availability 
A) frequency 
B) salience 
C) confirmation 
D) availability

Question 11

Which of the following defines retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

A) Memory impairment that occurs when earlier learning impairs later learning 
B) Memory impairment that occurs when later learning is impaired by earlier learning 
C) Memory impairment that occurs when longer lists come before shorter lists 
D) Memory impairment that occurs in short-term memory 
A) Memory impairment that occurs when earlier learning impairs later learning 
B) Memory impairment that occurs when later learning is impaired by earlier learning 
C) Memory impairment that occurs when longer lists come before shorter lists 
D) Memory impairment that occurs in short-term memory

Question 12

What does Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve tell us about the way we forget material over time

Accepted Answer

A) We forget information at a constant rate. 
B) At first, we forget very little of what we have learned, but as time passes, the rate of forgetting accelerates. 
C) Most forgetting happens immediately after we learn material; the rate of forgetting slows down as time goes by. 
D) A lot of forgetting happens immediately after we learn material; the rate of forgetting then speeds up as time goes by. 
E) We forget information at a variable and unpredictable rate as time passes. 
A) We forget information at a constant rate. 
B) At first, we forget very little of what we have learned, but as time passes, the rate of forgetting accelerates. 
C) Most forgetting happens immediately after we learn material; the rate of forgetting slows down as time goes by. 
D) A lot of forgetting happens immediately after we learn material; the rate of forgetting then speeds up as time goes by. 
E) We forget information at a variable and unpredictable rate as time passes.

Question 13

Scores on a recall test of memory are likely to be ___________ than those on a recognition test of memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scores on a recall test of memory...

Question 14

The primacy and recency effects are components of the spacing effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explicit memories are to implicit memories as the ________ is to the _________.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus; cerebellum 
B) amygdala; cerebellum 
C) amygdala; hippocampus 
D) hippocampus; cerebellum 
A) hypothalamus; cerebellum 
B) amygdala; cerebellum 
C) amygdala; hippocampus 
D) hippocampus; cerebellum

Question 16

How might you describe the shape of the function relating the probability of an item's recall to the item's position on a list

Accepted Answer

A) U-shaped 
B) squiggly 
C) a linear, negatively sloped line 
D) an inverted-U shape 
A) U-shaped 
B) squiggly 
C) a linear, negatively sloped line 
D) an inverted-U shape

Question 17

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are

Accepted Answer

A) making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind 
B) overcoming functional fixedness 
C) mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality 
D) basing your judgments on the extent to which an event matches your expectations 
A) making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind 
B) overcoming functional fixedness 
C) mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality 
D) basing your judgments on the extent to which an event matches your expectations

Question 18

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory

Accepted Answer

A) sensory memory $\rightarrow$short-term memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
B) short-term memory $\rightarrow$ sensory memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
C) short-term memory $\rightarrow$working memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
D) working memory $\rightarrow$ short-term memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
A) sensory memory $\rightarrow$short-term memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
B) short-term memory $\rightarrow$ sensory memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
C) short-term memory $\rightarrow$working memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory 
D) working memory $\rightarrow$ short-term memory $\rightarrow$ long-term memory

Question 19

Which of the following describes explicit memory

Accepted Answer

A) Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered 
B) Memory of the first-hand experiences that we have had 
C) Memory of facts and concepts about the world 
D) The influence of experience on behavior, even when we are not aware of the effect 
A) Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered 
B) Memory of the first-hand experiences that we have had 
C) Memory of facts and concepts about the world 
D) The influence of experience on behavior, even when we are not aware of the effect

Question 20

Which of the following defines proactive interference

Accepted Answer

A) Memory impairment that occurs when earlier learning impairs later learning 
B) Memory impairment that occurs when later learning is impaired by earlier learning 
C) Memory impairment that occurs when longer lists come before shorter lists 
D) Memory impairment that occurs in short-term memory 
A) Memory impairment that occurs when earlier learning impairs later learning 
B) Memory impairment that occurs when later learning is impaired by earlier learning 
C) Memory impairment that occurs when longer lists come before shorter lists 
D) Memory impairment that occurs in short-term memory

Properties that must be true of all members of a category are termed ________ features.

Gilovich et al. (1995) found that bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympics were happier than the silver medalists: The silver medalists focused on the disappointment of finishing second rather than first. Gilovich et al.'s (1995) results provide evidence for:

Cory knows that the capital of Vermont is Montpelier. This is an example of a(n) _______ memory.

The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Princess Diana's death. The 1986 Challenger explosion. People's memories for the moment in which they learned of these events are termed ________ memories.

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late 2008," reads a question on the midterm in an Economics course. Such a question is a __ test of _ memory.

Experts in a given area are less likely to be overconfident in their judgments than are novices.

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the "tip-of the-tongue" phenomenon, and is a failure of __________.

Stereotypes spring to mind easily. Therefore, we sometimes use them to judge the frequency of certain events such as crimes in a given neighborhood. This example BEST describes the use of the ________ heuristic.

Which of the following defines retroactive interference

What does Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve tell us about the way we forget material over time

Scores on a recall test of memory are likely to be ___________ than those on a recognition test of memory.

The primacy and recency effects are components of the spacing effect.

Explicit memories are to implicit memories as the is to the _.

How might you describe the shape of the function relating the probability of an item's recall to the item's position on a list

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory

Which of the following describes explicit memory

Which of the following defines proactive interference

Introducing Psychology

Psychological Science

Brains, Bodies, and Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving

States of Consciousness

Growing and Developing

Learning

Intelligence and Language

Emotions and Motivations

Psychology in Our Social Lives

Personality

Defining Psychological Disorders

Treating Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Remembering and Judging

Properties that must be true of all members of a category are termed ________ features.

Gilovich et al. (1995) found that bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympics were happier than the silver medalists: The silver medalists focused on the disappointment of finishing second rather than first. Gilovich et al.'s (1995) results provide evidence for:

Cory knows that the capital of Vermont is Montpelier. This is an example of a(n) _______ memory.

The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Princess Diana's death. The 1986 Challenger explosion. People's memories for the moment in which they learned of these events are termed ________ memories.

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late 2008," reads a question on the midterm in an Economics course. Such a question is a ________ test of _______ memory.

Experts in a given area are less likely to be overconfident in their judgments than are novices.

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the "tip-of the-tongue" phenomenon, and is a failure of __________.

Stereotypes spring to mind easily. Therefore, we sometimes use them to judge the frequency of certain events such as crimes in a given neighborhood. This example BEST describes the use of the ________ heuristic.

Which of the following defines retroactive interference

What does Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve tell us about the way we forget material over time

Scores on a recall test of memory are likely to be ___________ than those on a recognition test of memory.

The primacy and recency effects are components of the spacing effect.

Explicit memories are to implicit memories as the ________ is to the _________.

How might you describe the shape of the function relating the probability of an item's recall to the item's position on a list

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory

Which of the following describes explicit memory

Which of the following defines proactive interference

Introducing Psychology

Psychological Science

Brains, Bodies, and Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving

States of Consciousness

Growing and Developing

Learning

Intelligence and Language

Emotions and Motivations

Psychology in Our Social Lives

Personality

Defining Psychological Disorders

Treating Psychological Disorders

Filters

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late 2008," reads a question on the midterm in an Economics course. Such a question is a __ test of _ memory.

Explicit memories are to implicit memories as the is to the _.