Exam 6: Parties to Crime and Vicarious Liability

The ______ of accomplice liability is satisfied by even a relatively insignificant degree of material or psychological assistance.

What are parental responsibility laws? What was the initial rationale for parental responsibility laws? Do you believe that it is constitutional to hold parents liable for the criminal acts of their children? Should parents be held liable for providing alcohols to minors? Why or why not? Use examples from your readings to support your answer.

All of the following individuals would be capable of being charged as an accessory after the fact with common law EXCEPT ______.

What is the mere presence rule? Why do we have the mere presence rule?

Which case provides that there is an exception to the mere presence doctrine when the defendant possesses a duty to intervene?

According to common law, what are the four categories of parties to a crime?

The Pinkerton rule provides that a conspiracy to commit a crime and the crime itself are separate and distinct crimes. An individual may be charged with one or both of these offenses.

Jordan and Valentina were selling imitation designer handbags on the streets of Chicago. Ina buys a bag thinking it is the real thing and makes sure to proudly display it in front of all. Later that day she sets it on the seat next to her in her subway car. The bag is stolen by Nina who runs out of the train car and onto the bustling platform. Ina follows Nina and attempts to take back the bag. Joe comes to Ina's defense and wrestles the bag from Nina. When the altercation is all said and done Nina goes home with the bag. Joe helped her wrestle it from Ina. And Ina goes home bagless. May Joe be considered an accessory after the fact?

An individual will be held liable as an accomplice for knowingly rather than purposely selling a gun to an individual who plans to rob a bank.

Accessories were actually present and carried out the crime while principals assisted the accessories.

What are the two primary tests for determining whether a corporation should be criminally liable?

______ are individuals who, knowing that a crime has been committed, assisted the perpetrators.

______ offense punishes individuals who frustrate the arrest, prosecution, or conviction of individuals who have committed felonies as well as misdemeanors.

What is the natural and probable consequences doctrine? Do you believe it's fair and just to hold an individual liable even when he or she did not intend the outcome? Why or why not? Provide examples from your reading to support your answer.

Explain the difference between an accessory and an accomplice. Why are they punished differently?

______ are individuals who help in preparing the crime.

A ______ may be held vicariously liable under a statute where there is a legislative intent to impose vicarious liability for the act of an employee or corporate agent.

The mens rea of accomplice liability requires the dual intents of ______ and ______.

Vicarious liability imposes liability on an individual in what circumstance?

______ declare that it is criminal for an adult to host a party for minors where alcohol is served.