Question 1

What type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

Accepted Answer

A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous 
D) hydrothermal 
E) batholith 
A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous 
D) hydrothermal 
E) batholith

Question 2

J.Tuzo Wilson,a University of Toronto geophysicist,helped to prove the plate tectonic theory by

Accepted Answer

A) examining transform boundaries and relating them to earthquake activity. 
B) drilling through the ocean crust and sampling the magnetic reversals. 
C) measuring the rate at which seafloor spreading occurs in the central Pacific ocean. 
D) correlating the geologic record to ice cores from Antarctica. 
E) obtaining accurate radiocarbon dates for sediment from the central African rift valley. 
A) examining transform boundaries and relating them to earthquake activity. 
B) drilling through the ocean crust and sampling the magnetic reversals. 
C) measuring the rate at which seafloor spreading occurs in the central Pacific ocean. 
D) correlating the geologic record to ice cores from Antarctica. 
E) obtaining accurate radiocarbon dates for sediment from the central African rift valley.

Question 3

Approximately 90 percent of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the

Accepted Answer

A) inner core. 
B) outer core. 
C) lower mantle. 
D) upper mantle. 
E) aesthenosphere 
A) inner core. 
B) outer core. 
C) lower mantle. 
D) upper mantle. 
E) aesthenosphere

Question 4

The largest type of pluton is a

Accepted Answer

A) laccolith. 
B) sill. 
C) dike. 
D) phenocryst. 
E) batholith. 
A) laccolith. 
B) sill. 
C) dike. 
D) phenocryst. 
E) batholith.

Question 5

Coal is an example of which type of rock-forming process?

Accepted Answer

A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous 
A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous

Question 6

The crust is lower in density than all other layers of Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Earth's crust is roughly made up of

Accepted Answer

A) mantle and core material. 
B) at least 14 plates capable of movement. 
C) strong,unbroken material. 
D) a brittle material that does not move. 
E) melted asthenosphere 
A) mantle and core material. 
B) at least 14 plates capable of movement. 
C) strong,unbroken material. 
D) a brittle material that does not move. 
E) melted asthenosphere

Question 8

The thickness of Earth's crust ranges from

Accepted Answer

A) 5 km to 60 km. 
B) 70 km to 250 km. 
C) the surface to an unknown depth. 
D) the surface down to 2900 km. 
E) 20 metres to 750 km. 
A) 5 km to 60 km. 
B) 70 km to 250 km. 
C) the surface to an unknown depth. 
D) the surface down to 2900 km. 
E) 20 metres to 750 km.

Question 9

Which of the following isnot true?

Accepted Answer

A) the Hawaiian island chain will subduct in approximately 40 my. 
B) the oldest Hawaiian island,Lo'ihi,reached the surface around 10 000 years ago. 
C) measured from the sea floor to its summit,Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain on Earth. 
D) the formation of the island of Hawai'i took less than 100 years. 
E) only the Big Island (Hawaii)was created by a hotspot. 
A) the Hawaiian island chain will subduct in approximately 40 my. 
B) the oldest Hawaiian island,Lo'ihi,reached the surface around 10 000 years ago. 
C) measured from the sea floor to its summit,Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain on Earth. 
D) the formation of the island of Hawai'i took less than 100 years. 
E) only the Big Island (Hawaii)was created by a hotspot.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding Earth's magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

A) it causes magnetic particles in cooling magma to be ejected from the planet. 
B) transition periods,during which reversals occur,last an average of about 400 to 800 years. 
C) Earth's magnetic field will probably reverse in the next few thousand years. 
D) a given field orientation can last billions of years. 
E) a recent trend in geologic time is for less frequent reversals. 
A) it causes magnetic particles in cooling magma to be ejected from the planet. 
B) transition periods,during which reversals occur,last an average of about 400 to 800 years. 
C) Earth's magnetic field will probably reverse in the next few thousand years. 
D) a given field orientation can last billions of years. 
E) a recent trend in geologic time is for less frequent reversals.

Question 11

Earth's interior has been mapped using seismic waves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Ocean floor subducts under continents because

Accepted Answer

A) the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily. 
B) the ocean floor is made of felsic minerals and is heavier than continental material. 
C) the ocean floor is made of mafic material and is therefore more dense than continental material. 
D) the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward. 
E) the weight of the water in the ocean pushes the floor downward and beneath the continental plate 
A) the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily. 
B) the ocean floor is made of felsic minerals and is heavier than continental material. 
C) the ocean floor is made of mafic material and is therefore more dense than continental material. 
D) the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward. 
E) the weight of the water in the ocean pushes the floor downward and beneath the continental plate

Question 13

The crust is thickest under mountains and thinnest under the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The ancient roots of mountains are usually composed of ________ rocks.

Accepted Answer

A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous 
A) sedimentary 
B) metamorphic 
C) igneous

Question 15

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in Earth,from the surface to the center?

Accepted Answer

A) crust,core,lower mantle,aesthenosphere 
B) aesthenosphere,lower mantle,crust,core 
C) crust,lower mantle,aesthenosphere,core 
D) crust,aesthenosphere,lower mantle,core 
E) aesthenosphere,crust,lower mantle,core 
A) crust,core,lower mantle,aesthenosphere 
B) aesthenosphere,lower mantle,crust,core 
C) crust,lower mantle,aesthenosphere,core 
D) crust,aesthenosphere,lower mantle,core 
E) aesthenosphere,crust,lower mantle,core

Question 16

Which of the following is the fuel for continental drift and plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear fusion 
B) radioactive decay 
C) solar energy 
D) chemical reactions in Earth's core 
A) nuclear fusion 
B) radioactive decay 
C) solar energy 
D) chemical reactions in Earth's core

Question 17

Briefly review the history of the theory of plate tectonics.What was Alfred Wegener's role? What evidence did he present? Why was his theory not widely accepted initially? What new evidence led to its later acceptance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly review the history of the theory...

Question 18

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of ________ which states that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) catastrophism most rock formations were created as a result of supernatural processes 
B) catastrophism a single,large flood was responsible for the creation of the rock sequence 
C) uniformitarianism all geologic processes take immense amounts of time to occur and always occur at the same rate 
D) uniformitarianism the geologic processes that operated in the past are the same as those that operate today,and they occurred in accordance with the same laws of nature that are operating today 
E) chaos theory water cuts downward through sediments always. 
A) catastrophism most rock formations were created as a result of supernatural processes 
B) catastrophism a single,large flood was responsible for the creation of the rock sequence 
C) uniformitarianism all geologic processes take immense amounts of time to occur and always occur at the same rate 
D) uniformitarianism the geologic processes that operated in the past are the same as those that operate today,and they occurred in accordance with the same laws of nature that are operating today 
E) chaos theory water cuts downward through sediments always.

Question 19

The deepest places in the ocean are those in which rifting occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Who first proposed the theory of uniformitarianism?

Accepted Answer

A) Plato 
B) James Hutton 
C) Charles Darwin 
D) Albert Wegner 
E) Eratosthenes 
A) Plato 
B) James Hutton 
C) Charles Darwin 
D) Albert Wegner 
E) Eratosthenes

Exam 11: The Dynamic Planet

What type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

J.Tuzo Wilson,a University of Toronto geophysicist,helped to prove the plate tectonic theory by

Approximately 90 percent of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the

The largest type of pluton is a

Coal is an example of which type of rock-forming process?

The crust is lower in density than all other layers of Earth.

Earth's crust is roughly made up of

The thickness of Earth's crust ranges from

Which of the following isnot true?

Which of the following is true regarding Earth's magnetic field?

Earth's interior has been mapped using seismic waves.

Ocean floor subducts under continents because

The crust is thickest under mountains and thinnest under the oceans.

The ancient roots of mountains are usually composed of ________ rocks.

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in Earth,from the surface to the center?

Which of the following is the fuel for continental drift and plate tectonics?

Briefly review the history of the theory of plate tectonics.What was Alfred Wegener's role? What evidence did he present? Why was his theory not widely accepted initially? What new evidence led to its later acceptance?

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of ________ which states that ________.

The deepest places in the ocean are those in which rifting occurs.

Who first proposed the theory of uniformitarianism?

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When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of which states that .