Question 1

Earth's blue sky is a result of diffuse reflection called scattering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following can serve as passive solar energy collectors?

Accepted Answer

A) wooden walls 
B) water containers 
C) asphalt shingles 
D) wooden roofs 
E) gravel driveways 
A) wooden walls 
B) water containers 
C) asphalt shingles 
D) wooden roofs 
E) gravel driveways

Question 3

A vertical air current that is generated by temperature-induced density differences is an example of heat transfer by

Accepted Answer

A) advection. 
B) convection. 
C) conduction. 
D) transmission. 
E) diffusion. 
A) advection. 
B) convection. 
C) conduction. 
D) transmission. 
E) diffusion.

Question 4

Which of the following combinations of NET R terms would be associated with a hot,dry climate? $ (+\mathrm{SW} \downarrow= $ insolation)- SW↑ = albedo LE = latent heat of evaporation)

Accepted Answer

A) + SW↓ large - SW↑ small LE large 
B) + SW↓ large - SW↑ small LE small 
C) + SW↓ small - SW↑ large LE small 
D) + SW↓ small - SW↑ large LE large 
E) +SW↓ equals -SW↑ large LE large 
A) + SW↓ large - SW↑ small LE large 
B) + SW↓ large - SW↑ small LE small 
C) + SW↓ small - SW↑ large LE small 
D) + SW↓ small - SW↑ large LE large 
E) +SW↓ equals -SW↑ large LE large

Question 5

Longwave radiation (+ LW↓)arriving at the surface

Accepted Answer

A) comes primarily from infrared energy emitted by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 
B) comes directly from the Sun. 
C) comes from diffuse solar radiation. 
D) comes from UV radiation reflected from the bottoms of clouds. 
E) comes from Mars and Venus. 
A) comes primarily from infrared energy emitted by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 
B) comes directly from the Sun. 
C) comes from diffuse solar radiation. 
D) comes from UV radiation reflected from the bottoms of clouds. 
E) comes from Mars and Venus.

Question 6

The science that specifically studies the climate at or near Earth's surface is

Accepted Answer

A) geography. 
B) meteorology. 
C) micrometeorology. 
D) microclimatology. 
E) astronomy. 
A) geography. 
B) meteorology. 
C) micrometeorology. 
D) microclimatology. 
E) astronomy.

Question 7

An increase in the amount of high altitude,thin clouds would

Accepted Answer

A) cool the planet in a process called cloud-albedo forcing. 
B) warm the planet in a process called cloud-greenhouse forcing. 
C) have no effect on the planet's temperature because insolation is constant. 
A) cool the planet in a process called cloud-albedo forcing. 
B) warm the planet in a process called cloud-greenhouse forcing. 
C) have no effect on the planet's temperature because insolation is constant.

Question 8

What does "albedo" mean? Discuss the similarities and differences of cloud-albedo forcing and cloud-greenhouse forcing.

Accepted Answer

Albedo refers to the measure of the refl

Question 9

In third world countries,there is a pressing need for  centralized energy sources,such as nuclear reactors or large-scale hydroelectric projects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

High latitudes have a higher albedo in winter than do low latitudes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Air pollution acts to ________ the albedo of cities and therefore ________ the urban heat island effect.

Accepted Answer

A) increase enhances 
B) increases diminishes 
C) decreases enhances 
D) decreases diminishes 
A) increase enhances 
B) increases diminishes 
C) decreases enhances 
D) decreases diminishes

Question 12

Net radiation (NET R)refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the net energy expended for ground heating and cooling. 
B) the balance of all radiation incoming and outgoing at Earth's surface. 
C) the amount of insolation coming into the surface. 
D) the amount of insolation not absorbed at the surface. 
E) the amount of heat that moves toward Earth's centre. 
A) the net energy expended for ground heating and cooling. 
B) the balance of all radiation incoming and outgoing at Earth's surface. 
C) the amount of insolation coming into the surface. 
D) the amount of insolation not absorbed at the surface. 
E) the amount of heat that moves toward Earth's centre.

Question 13

Define and discuss the factors involved in calculating net radiation.In what regions is it highest? Lowest?

Accepted Answer

Net radiation is the difference between

Question 14

On the average,which of the following is true regarding the distribution of shortwave and longwave energy at Earth's surface by latitude?

Accepted Answer

A) the equatorial zone is a region of net deficits. 
B) the polar regions are areas of net surpluses. 
C) the distribution shows an imbalance of net radiation from equator to poles. 
D) more energy is lost than is gained in the equatorial regions. 
E) energy is evenly distributed over Earth's surface. 
A) the equatorial zone is a region of net deficits. 
B) the polar regions are areas of net surpluses. 
C) the distribution shows an imbalance of net radiation from equator to poles. 
D) more energy is lost than is gained in the equatorial regions. 
E) energy is evenly distributed over Earth's surface.

Question 15

Latent heat of evaporation (LE)is the dominant expenditure of Earth's entire net radiation budget.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Define these terms: refraction,reflection,albedo,scattering,absorption.

Accepted Answer

Refraction is the bending of light as it

Question 17

When water evaporates,the energy that was used to evaporate the water

Accepted Answer

A) is stored as sensible heat in the evaporated water. 
B) is stored as latent heat in the evaporated water. 
C) is transferred to the air by advection when the water evaporates. 
D) is conducted into the underlying layer of water. 
E) is convected into the atmosphere. 
A) is stored as sensible heat in the evaporated water. 
B) is stored as latent heat in the evaporated water. 
C) is transferred to the air by advection when the water evaporates. 
D) is conducted into the underlying layer of water. 
E) is convected into the atmosphere.

Question 18

The highest annual values for latent heat of evaporation (LE)on land occur in the tropics because

Accepted Answer

A) there is a net annual energy deficit there. 
B) rainfall takes water to higher latitudes. 
C) the dark colour of forests (as opposed to sandy soils)results in the absorption of heat energy by vegetation. 
D) water flows downslope to the equator. 
E) water is expelled from the crust at the equator. 
A) there is a net annual energy deficit there. 
B) rainfall takes water to higher latitudes. 
C) the dark colour of forests (as opposed to sandy soils)results in the absorption of heat energy by vegetation. 
D) water flows downslope to the equator. 
E) water is expelled from the crust at the equator.

Question 19

Which of the following is associated with urban environments?

Accepted Answer

A) higher relative humidity than that in surrounding rural areas 
B) greatly increased condensation nuclei relative to surrounding rural areas 
C) deceased precipitation relative to surrounding rural areas 
D) higher annual mean wind speeds relative to surrounding rural areas 
E) porous surfaces absorb water and regulate the temperature. 
A) higher relative humidity than that in surrounding rural areas 
B) greatly increased condensation nuclei relative to surrounding rural areas 
C) deceased precipitation relative to surrounding rural areas 
D) higher annual mean wind speeds relative to surrounding rural areas 
E) porous surfaces absorb water and regulate the temperature.

Question 20

Why is the sky blue?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the sky blue?...

Exam 4: Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Earth's blue sky is a result of diffuse reflection called scattering.

Which of the following can serve as passive solar energy collectors?

A vertical air current that is generated by temperature-induced density differences is an example of heat transfer by

Which of the following combinations of NET R terms would be associated with a hot,dry climate? (+SW↓= (+\mathrm{SW} \downarrow= (+SW↓= insolation)- SW↑ = albedo LE = latent heat of evaporation)

Longwave radiation (+ LW↓)arriving at the surface

The science that specifically studies the climate at or near Earth's surface is

An increase in the amount of high altitude,thin clouds would

What does "albedo" mean? Discuss the similarities and differences of cloud-albedo forcing and cloud-greenhouse forcing.

In third world countries,there is a pressing need for centralized energy sources,such as nuclear reactors or large-scale hydroelectric projects.

High latitudes have a higher albedo in winter than do low latitudes.

Air pollution acts to ________ the albedo of cities and therefore ________ the urban heat island effect.

Net radiation (NET R)refers to

Define and discuss the factors involved in calculating net radiation.In what regions is it highest? Lowest?

On the average,which of the following is true regarding the distribution of shortwave and longwave energy at Earth's surface by latitude?

Latent heat of evaporation (LE)is the dominant expenditure of Earth's entire net radiation budget.

Define these terms: refraction,reflection,albedo,scattering,absorption.

When water evaporates,the energy that was used to evaporate the water

The highest annual values for latent heat of evaporation (LE)on land occur in the tropics because

Which of the following is associated with urban environments?

Why is the sky blue?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth's Modern Atmosphere

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Climate Systems and Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

Eolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Which of the following combinations of NET R terms would be associated with a hot,dry climate? $(+\mathrm{SW} \downarrow=$ insolation)- SW↑ = albedo LE = latent heat of evaporation)

Air pollution acts to the albedo of cities and therefore the urban heat island effect.