Question 1

Dr.Rowland and Dr.Molina

Accepted Answer

A) first stated the photochemistry interactions of chlorofluorocarbons and $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ . 
B) found automobile exhaust and sunlight were producing photochemical smog. 
C) first wrote about the possible destruction of ozone in the year 1989. 
D) are not mentioned in the text. 
E) do not study ozone. 
A) first stated the photochemistry interactions of chlorofluorocarbons and $\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ . 
B) found automobile exhaust and sunlight were producing photochemical smog. 
C) first wrote about the possible destruction of ozone in the year 1989. 
D) are not mentioned in the text. 
E) do not study ozone.

Question 2

Which of the following is  false  regarding sulfur dioxide (SO?)?

Accepted Answer

A) it is odorless. 
B) it is colourless. 
C) it is associated with coal-fired power plants and heavy industry. 
D) it forms sulfuric acid in the presence of water vapor. 
E) it is dangerous to human health. 
A) it is odorless. 
B) it is colourless. 
C) it is associated with coal-fired power plants and heavy industry. 
D) it forms sulfuric acid in the presence of water vapor. 
E) it is dangerous to human health.

Question 3

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)is

Accepted Answer

A) a gas,reddish-brown in colour that causes choking and is damaging to respiratory tracts. 
B) yet to be of consequence in North America. 
C) produced only after photochemical reactions. 
D) more of a concern in nonurban areas than urban. 
E) destroys ozone in the stratosphere. 
A) a gas,reddish-brown in colour that causes choking and is damaging to respiratory tracts. 
B) yet to be of consequence in North America. 
C) produced only after photochemical reactions. 
D) more of a concern in nonurban areas than urban. 
E) destroys ozone in the stratosphere.

Question 4

The atmospheric portion of the biosphere occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) heterosphere. 
B) troposphere. 
C) ozonosphere. 
D) lithosphere. 
E) mesosphere. 
A) heterosphere. 
B) troposphere. 
C) ozonosphere. 
D) lithosphere. 
E) mesosphere.

Question 5

List three impacts of acid rain.

Accepted Answer

death of forests,damage to aqu

Question 6

O₃ in the lower troposphere

Accepted Answer

A) forms acid rain. 
B) is not associated with transportation. 
C) causes eye,nose,and throat irritation in humans. 
D) has not been found to cause any damage to crops and plants. 
E) is stable. 
A) forms acid rain. 
B) is not associated with transportation. 
C) causes eye,nose,and throat irritation in humans. 
D) has not been found to cause any damage to crops and plants. 
E) is stable.

Question 7

Air pollution can easily cross national boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The ozone layer protects Earth's surface from most of the incoming ultraviolet radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The thermopause refers to

Accepted Answer

A) Earth's magnetic field. 
B) the solar atmosphere that extends into space. 
C) the top of Earth's atmosphere,some 480 km above the surface. 
D) the Sun's surface. 
E) the space boundary where the solar atmosphere meets Earth. 
A) Earth's magnetic field. 
B) the solar atmosphere that extends into space. 
C) the top of Earth's atmosphere,some 480 km above the surface. 
D) the Sun's surface. 
E) the space boundary where the solar atmosphere meets Earth.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) the human body obtains the nitrogen it needs from the air. 
B) there is very little nitrogen in the atmosphere. 
C) the nitrogen the human body needs is derived from food-not the air. 
D) is is called the noble gas. 
E) it is not needed by plants. 
A) the human body obtains the nitrogen it needs from the air. 
B) there is very little nitrogen in the atmosphere. 
C) the nitrogen the human body needs is derived from food-not the air. 
D) is is called the noble gas. 
E) it is not needed by plants.

Question 11

The percentages of variable gases in the atmosphere indicate that the composition of the atmosphere is controlled

Accepted Answer

A) totally by the amount and type of gases given off during volcanic eruptions. 
B) totally by the composition of comets and meteors that strike Earth. 
C) to a significant extent by biological processes occurring on Earth. 
D) exclusively by chemical reactions between sunlight and the gases in the atmosphere. 
E) natural evolution of stable atmospheric component. 
A) totally by the amount and type of gases given off during volcanic eruptions. 
B) totally by the composition of comets and meteors that strike Earth. 
C) to a significant extent by biological processes occurring on Earth. 
D) exclusively by chemical reactions between sunlight and the gases in the atmosphere. 
E) natural evolution of stable atmospheric component.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of gases in the heterosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) the hydrogen,helium,oxygen and nitrogen are well mixed. 
B) the hydrogen and helium occur at the top of the heterosphere,and the nitrogen and oxygen at the bottom. 
C) the nitrogen and oxygen occur at the top of the heterosphere and the hydrogen and helium at the bottom. 
D) nitrogen occurs at the top,followed-in descending order-by helium,oxygen and hydrogen. 
E) hydrogen occurs at the top,followed-in descending order-by helium,nitrogen and oxygen 
A) the hydrogen,helium,oxygen and nitrogen are well mixed. 
B) the hydrogen and helium occur at the top of the heterosphere,and the nitrogen and oxygen at the bottom. 
C) the nitrogen and oxygen occur at the top of the heterosphere and the hydrogen and helium at the bottom. 
D) nitrogen occurs at the top,followed-in descending order-by helium,oxygen and hydrogen. 
E) hydrogen occurs at the top,followed-in descending order-by helium,nitrogen and oxygen

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding acid deposition?

Accepted Answer

A) acids have been causally linked to fish kills in the northeastern United States. 
B) acid precipitation is precipitation that measures  more than  7.0 on a pH scale. 
C) no lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. 
D) soil processes generally are not affected by acid precipitation. 
E) it makes methylmercury harmless in lake bottom sediments. 
A) acids have been causally linked to fish kills in the northeastern United States. 
B) acid precipitation is precipitation that measures  more than  7.0 on a pH scale. 
C) no lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. 
D) soil processes generally are not affected by acid precipitation. 
E) it makes methylmercury harmless in lake bottom sediments.

Question 14

Ozone is the main ingredient of photochemical smog.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The reaction of automobile exhaust and ultraviolet light

Accepted Answer

A) produces photochemical smog. 
B) produces industrial smog. 
C) is affecting the stratospheric ozone concentration. 
D) forms smoke and fog. 
E) only occurs in warm temperatures. 
A) produces photochemical smog. 
B) produces industrial smog. 
C) is affecting the stratospheric ozone concentration. 
D) forms smoke and fog. 
E) only occurs in warm temperatures.

Question 16

The high temperatures in the thermosphere occur because

Accepted Answer

A) infrared radiation from the ground heats this layer more than any other layer. 
B) methane is such an effective greenhouse gas. 
C) carbon dioxide has accumulated to very high levels in this layer. 
D) direct contact with high energy solar radiation excites molecules creating kinetic energy. 
E) high intensity solar radiation causes strong chemical reactions with ozone,and this heats the layer to very high temperatures.. 
A) infrared radiation from the ground heats this layer more than any other layer. 
B) methane is such an effective greenhouse gas. 
C) carbon dioxide has accumulated to very high levels in this layer. 
D) direct contact with high energy solar radiation excites molecules creating kinetic energy. 
E) high intensity solar radiation causes strong chemical reactions with ozone,and this heats the layer to very high temperatures..

Question 17

What three pollutants react in the presence of sunlight to produce ozone?

Accepted Answer

A) particulates,carbon monoxide,and water vapour 
B) sulfur oxides,lead,and carbon monoxide 
C) hydrocarbons,nitrogen d oxide,and carbon monoxide 
D) nitrogen dioxide,particulates,and water vapour 
E) water vapour,lead,and carbon monoxide. 
A) particulates,carbon monoxide,and water vapour 
B) sulfur oxides,lead,and carbon monoxide 
C) hydrocarbons,nitrogen d oxide,and carbon monoxide 
D) nitrogen dioxide,particulates,and water vapour 
E) water vapour,lead,and carbon monoxide.

Question 18

The thermosphere expands in size during periods when the Sun is ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) quiet the pressure of the solar wind diminishes 
B) quiet the exosphere sinks downward and squeezes the thermosphere 
C) active the exosphere moves outward,thereby relieving pressure on the thermosphere 
D) active the thermosphere acquires greater kinetic energy,which causes the gas molecules that comprise the thermosphere to move further apart from one another. 
E) active the thermosphere absorbs matter from the sun causing the volume of the air to increase. 
A) quiet the pressure of the solar wind diminishes 
B) quiet the exosphere sinks downward and squeezes the thermosphere 
C) active the exosphere moves outward,thereby relieving pressure on the thermosphere 
D) active the thermosphere acquires greater kinetic energy,which causes the gas molecules that comprise the thermosphere to move further apart from one another. 
E) active the thermosphere absorbs matter from the sun causing the volume of the air to increase.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding ozone depletion in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation have not actually been measured at this time. 
B) the atmosphere above Antarctica has experienced a complete loss of protective ozone. 
C) maximum ozone depletion occurs during the Antarctic spring,following the development of polar stratospheric clouds in winter. 
D) there has actually been a decrease in ultraviolet levels measured at the surface-which is contrary to what is predicted by ozone depletion models. 
E) ozone depletion in this location is 50% less than the depletion at the Arctic. 
A) increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation have not actually been measured at this time. 
B) the atmosphere above Antarctica has experienced a complete loss of protective ozone. 
C) maximum ozone depletion occurs during the Antarctic spring,following the development of polar stratospheric clouds in winter. 
D) there has actually been a decrease in ultraviolet levels measured at the surface-which is contrary to what is predicted by ozone depletion models. 
E) ozone depletion in this location is 50% less than the depletion at the Arctic.

Question 20

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in 2011 was 394 ppm and the trend is increasing.What is the implication of this for humans.

Accepted Answer

A) this exceeds the natural range of carbon dioxide levels for the last 800 000 years and may lead to unequalled rates of atmospheric warming. 
B) this exceeds the natural range of carbon dioxide levels for the last 800 000 years and may lead to unequalled rates of atmospheric cooling. 
C) this rate is part of the natural evolution of the atmosphere and all life on Earth is capable of adapting. 
D) humans do not contribute to the changes in this atmospheric component,so there is no implication for us. 
A) this exceeds the natural range of carbon dioxide levels for the last 800 000 years and may lead to unequalled rates of atmospheric warming. 
B) this exceeds the natural range of carbon dioxide levels for the last 800 000 years and may lead to unequalled rates of atmospheric cooling. 
C) this rate is part of the natural evolution of the atmosphere and all life on Earth is capable of adapting. 
D) humans do not contribute to the changes in this atmospheric component,so there is no implication for us.

Exam 3: Earth's Modern Atmosphere

Dr.Rowland and Dr.Molina

Which of the following is false regarding sulfur dioxide (SO?)?

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)is

The atmospheric portion of the biosphere occurs in the

List three impacts of acid rain.

O₃ in the lower troposphere

Air pollution can easily cross national boundaries.

The ozone layer protects Earth's surface from most of the incoming ultraviolet radiation.

The thermopause refers to

Which of the following is true of nitrogen?

The percentages of variable gases in the atmosphere indicate that the composition of the atmosphere is controlled

Which of the following is true of gases in the heterosphere?

Which of the following is true regarding acid deposition?

Ozone is the main ingredient of photochemical smog.

The reaction of automobile exhaust and ultraviolet light

The high temperatures in the thermosphere occur because

What three pollutants react in the presence of sunlight to produce ozone?

The thermosphere expands in size during periods when the Sun is ________ because ________.

Which of the following is true regarding ozone depletion in Antarctica?

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in 2011 was 394 ppm and the trend is increasing.What is the implication of this for humans.

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Climate Systems and Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

Eolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

The thermosphere expands in size during periods when the Sun is because .