Exam 15: Populations, Cities, and the Environment

What is the derogatory term applied to the expansion of urban or suburban boundaries?

Japan has one of the world's highest life expectancies. However, it has experienced a net loss of population for many years, which is the result of declining birth and immigration rates. The population did rise in both 2008 and 2009, largely due to Japanese citizens abroad returning home. This data was likely analyzed by a

Theodore Roosevelt signed legislation on July 1, 1908 that created forty-five national forests. Roosevelt was a passionate hunter and believed that all animals in America would soon be gone unless something was done to preserve some wild areas. To which era of the environmental movement does this goal belong?

What human event was the catalyst for city life becoming the most common way of living?

A man sexually accosts a young woman on the New York subway while three onlookers watch. The woman pleads for help and the man jumps off as the doors open for the station. None of the three onlookers say or do anything. What sociological term best fits this example?

What problem will result from even slightly higher global temperatures?

Which of the following would you expect to see happen in the future if the pattern of demographic transition that followed the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States is repeated in Africa?

Under what circumstances are bystanders LESS likely to attempt to help a stranger who appears to be in danger?

A government continues to privatize once public environmental resources, such as forests. This government does so to grow its revenue stream while the private companies who gain ownership of the forest continue deforestation at exponentially higher levels, permanently eliminating most of the country's trees, all in the name of greater profit margins. What is this an example of?

Nature writer Barry Lopez spent time with the Inuit of the Arctic and concluded that hunting societies had different attitudes about the land than industrial ones because "the focus of a hunter in a hunting society was not killing animals but attending to the myriad relationships he understood bound him into the world he occupied with them." What kind of attitude do hunting societies have?

Prior to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most people throughout the world lived in rural rather than urban areas.

Summarize the changes urban areas in the United States experienced in the years after World War II.

In the past, the vast majority of people lived in rural areas and small towns, where it was surprising to encounter an actual stranger. Today, most of us live in cities, where we are constantly surrounded by total strangers. This leads directly to

Why are the poor and members of ethnic and racial minorities more likely to suffer health problems that result from exposure to pollution?

The process by which members of a group individually conclude that nothing is wrong because they observe that no one else seems to be worried is called

The Industrial Revolution made cities necessary, as large numbers of people were needed to work in factories. Why have many people found city life to be attractive ever since?

The mortality rate is a measure of population increase, while the fertility rate is a measure of the decrease in population.

What branch of sociology am I studying if I gather information on the fertility and death rates of a population in order to understand patterns of why a population is shrinking?

According to Herbert Gans, you would be considered ________ if you move to New York City because you love theater.

________ is a basic demographic variable.