Exam 5: Campaigns and Elections

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The amendment to the U.S. Constitution that prohibited the states from denying the vote due to race was the

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B

Trace the progress of women in winning electoral office in Texas.

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The progress of women in winning electoral office in Texas has been slow but steady. In the early 20th century, women in Texas were not allowed to vote or hold public office. However, in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, granting women the right to vote.

It wasn't until 1928 that Minnie Fisher Cunningham became the first woman from Texas to run for the U.S. Senate. She was a prominent suffragist and political activist who paved the way for future female politicians in the state.

In 1933, Allie Victoria Tennant became the first woman elected to a statewide office in Texas when she was elected to the Texas State Board of Education.

The 1970s and 1980s saw a significant increase in the number of women running for and winning electoral office in Texas. In 1972, Barbara Jordan became the first African American woman from Texas to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1988, Ann Richards was elected as the first female governor of Texas.

Since then, the number of women holding elected office in Texas has continued to grow. In 2018, a record number of women were elected to the Texas House of Representatives, making up nearly a quarter of the chamber.

While progress has been made, women are still underrepresented in Texas politics. As of 2021, women make up only about a third of the Texas Legislature and hold only a few statewide elected offices. However, the trend of increasing female representation in electoral office in Texas is expected to continue in the coming years.

In which case did the Supreme Court overturn a ban on unlimited independent expenditures made by corporations, unions, and nonprofit organizations in federal elections?

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Early or absentee voting in Texas for general elections begins how many days prior to the actual date of the election?

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In order to obtain a primary nomination in Texas, a candidate must receive what part of the popular vote?

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Which of the following was not a device used in Texas to prevent many lower-income persons and blacks from voting after the Civil War?

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The increased presence of women in policymaking positions has resulted in such changes as

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The basic geographic area for conducting national, state, district, and county elections is the

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The first openly gay mayor of a major U.S. city was

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Discuss differences in voting behavior among groups in Texas. Which groups vote more than others and why? What might be done to make voting rates more equal among the various groups in Texas?

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Which U.S. amendment prevents states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting?

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Independent, expenditure-only committees that may raise unlimited sums of money to support or oppose political candidates are known as

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An election in which party members choose a candidate to run for office in a general election is a

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La Raza Unida Party was founded by several Latino leaders in order to

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Describe what candidates in Texas must do to run a successful campaign for office. Include in your discussion a consideration of the need to both raise funds and communicate with voters. Explain one reform that might improve the system, or explain why you think the system needs no reform.

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In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Guinn v. United States (1915), the court ruled that

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Organizations created to collect and distribute contributions to political campaigns are referred to as

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The ability of almost all citizens 18 years of age and older to vote is referred to as

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In Texas, the responsibility of redistricting rests with the

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The term midterm electionrefers to those

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