Question 1

Learned but non-voluntary processes are called

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexes 
B)  circuits 
C)  automatic processes 
D)  subconscious processes 
A)  reflexes 
B)  circuits 
C)  automatic processes 
D)  subconscious processes C

Question 2

Finding one's way home in the dark is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensori-motor feedforward processing 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  top-down or expectation-driven processing 
D)  temporal coding 
A)  sensori-motor feedforward processing 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  top-down or expectation-driven processing 
D)  temporal coding C

Question 3

The reentrant, or " two-way", connections between neuronal arrays are

Accepted Answer

A)  by far the most common connection type 
B)  limited to connections within the cerebral cortex 
C)  only about 10% of the connections in the cortex 
D)  limited to vision cortex 
A)  by far the most common connection type 
B)  limited to connections within the cerebral cortex 
C)  only about 10% of the connections in the cortex 
D)  limited to vision cortex A

Question 4

Which of the following is the best metaphor for neuronal choice points?

Accepted Answer

A)  sliding on a slide 
B)  swinging on a swing set 
C)  driving with traffic down a one-way street 
D)  choosing a direction at a fork in the road 
A)  sliding on a slide 
B)  swinging on a swing set 
C)  driving with traffic down a one-way street 
D)  choosing a direction at a fork in the road

Question 5

What is an artificial neural net ANN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the intricate connections between neurons that exist in the brain 
B)  a model of a brain function that utilizes idealized neurons 
C)  the circuitry that is found in artificial intelligence devices 
D)  a tangle of neuronal axons that no longer function properly 
A)  the intricate connections between neurons that exist in the brain 
B)  a model of a brain function that utilizes idealized neurons 
C)  the circuitry that is found in artificial intelligence devices 
D)  a tangle of neuronal axons that no longer function properly

Question 6

If the synapse between neurons is inhibitory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

Accepted Answer

A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  unchanged 
D)  dependent upon the type of neuron 
A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  unchanged 
D)  dependent upon the type of neuron

Question 7

Neural Darwinism can be summarized as

Accepted Answer

A)  "survival of the organisms with the most complex nervous system" 
B)  "survival of the biggest neurons" 
C)  "survival of the organisms with the most adaptive nervous system" 
D)  "survival of the fittest cells and synapses" 
A)  "survival of the organisms with the most complex nervous system" 
B)  "survival of the biggest neurons" 
C)  "survival of the organisms with the most adaptive nervous system" 
D)  "survival of the fittest cells and synapses"

Question 8

Some working assumptions in the study of neurons and their connections include

Accepted Answer

A)  a simplified neuron to build cognitive models from artificial neural nets 
B)  connections are either inhibitory or excitatory 
C)  most neural connections are two-way 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a simplified neuron to build cognitive models from artificial neural nets 
B)  connections are either inhibitory or excitatory 
C)  most neural connections are two-way 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

Two ways that the brain encodes information are 1) in spatial arrays and maps, and 2) in changing the firing rate of neurons. Which of the following describes these types of coding?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both examples of types of spatial coding 
B)  The first is an example of temporal spatial coding, and the second is an example of spatial coding 
C)  The first is an example of spatial coding, and the second is an example of temporal coding 
D)  They are both examples of differing types of temporal coding 
A)  They are both examples of types of spatial coding 
B)  The first is an example of temporal spatial coding, and the second is an example of spatial coding 
C)  The first is an example of spatial coding, and the second is an example of temporal coding 
D)  They are both examples of differing types of temporal coding

Question 10

Hebbian learning refers to notion that "neurons that fire together, wire together." Its defining feature is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the threshold for firing an action potential is dependent upon the type of neuron 
B)  the formation of a particular type of neuron occurs at the same stage of development 
C)  learning involves increased efficiency in synaptic transmission 
D)  neural arrays are formed between similar types of neurons 
A)  the threshold for firing an action potential is dependent upon the type of neuron 
B)  the formation of a particular type of neuron occurs at the same stage of development 
C)  learning involves increased efficiency in synaptic transmission 
D)  neural arrays are formed between similar types of neurons

Question 11

Neuronal arrays that represent spatial patterns are frequently referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  spiking codes 
B)  semantic networks 
C)  maps 
D)  hierarchies 
A)  spiking codes 
B)  semantic networks 
C)  maps 
D)  hierarchies

Question 12

Making predictions about which interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus is likely to be correct involves a kind of processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral 
B)  input-driven 
C)  top-down 
D)  bottom-up 
A)  lateral 
B)  input-driven 
C)  top-down 
D)  bottom-up

Question 13

If the synapse between neurons is excitatory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

Accepted Answer

A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  unchanged 
D)  dependent upon the type of neuron 
A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  unchanged 
D)  dependent upon the type of neuron

Question 14

How does an "integrate-and-fire" neuron work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons will fire when they receive any type of information from the neuron before it 
B)  The strength of the action potential fired is dependent upon the strength of the signal the neuron receives 
C)  Graded voltage inputs are summed, and if a threshold point is crossed, the neuron will fire an all-or-none action potential 
D)  The neuron will only fire if it receives information from all of the neurons it receives information from, or not at all 
A)  Neurons will fire when they receive any type of information from the neuron before it 
B)  The strength of the action potential fired is dependent upon the strength of the signal the neuron receives 
C)  Graded voltage inputs are summed, and if a threshold point is crossed, the neuron will fire an all-or-none action potential 
D)  The neuron will only fire if it receives information from all of the neurons it receives information from, or not at all

Question 15

Sensory systems such as vision, touch, hearing) are

Accepted Answer

A)  organized in strictly feedforward hierarchies 
B)  comprised of roughly 50% one-way and 50% two-way connections 
C)  comprised of mostly two-way connections that aid in resolving ambiguous inputs 
D)  comprised of mostly one-way connections in order to produce temporal encoding of sensory features 
A)  organized in strictly feedforward hierarchies 
B)  comprised of roughly 50% one-way and 50% two-way connections 
C)  comprised of mostly two-way connections that aid in resolving ambiguous inputs 
D)  comprised of mostly one-way connections in order to produce temporal encoding of sensory features

Question 16

Hierarchies of neuronal arrays exist for

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory systems 
B)  motor systems 
C)  both sensory and motor systems 
D)  neither sensory nor motor systems 
A)  sensory systems 
B)  motor systems 
C)  both sensory and motor systems 
D)  neither sensory nor motor systems

Learned but non-voluntary processes are called

Finding one's way home in the dark is an example of

The reentrant, or " two-way", connections between neuronal arrays are

Which of the following is the best metaphor for neuronal choice points?

What is an artificial neural net ANN)?

If the synapse between neurons is inhibitory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

Neural Darwinism can be summarized as

Some working assumptions in the study of neurons and their connections include

Two ways that the brain encodes information are 1) in spatial arrays and maps, and 2) in changing the firing rate of neurons. Which of the following describes these types of coding?

Hebbian learning refers to notion that "neurons that fire together, wire together." Its defining feature is that

Neuronal arrays that represent spatial patterns are frequently referred to as

Making predictions about which interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus is likely to be correct involves a kind of processing.

If the synapse between neurons is excitatory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

How does an "integrate-and-fire" neuron work?

Sensory systems such as vision, touch, hearing) are

Hierarchies of neuronal arrays exist for

Mind and Brain

A Useful Framework

The Brain

Brain Imaging

The Art of Seeing

Sound, Speech, and Music Perception

The Brain Is Conscious

Learning and Memory

Thinking

Language

Decisions, Goals, and Actions

Social Cognition

Growing up

Filters

Exam 3: The Nerve Cell

Learned but non-voluntary processes are called

Finding one's way home in the dark is an example of

The reentrant, or " two-way", connections between neuronal arrays are

Which of the following is the best metaphor for neuronal choice points?

What is an artificial neural net ANN)?

If the synapse between neurons is inhibitory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

Neural Darwinism can be summarized as

Some working assumptions in the study of neurons and their connections include

Two ways that the brain encodes information are 1) in spatial arrays and maps, and 2) in changing the firing rate of neurons. Which of the following describes these types of coding?

Hebbian learning refers to notion that "neurons that fire together, wire together." Its defining feature is that

Neuronal arrays that represent spatial patterns are frequently referred to as

Making predictions about which interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus is likely to be correct involves a kind of processing.

If the synapse between neurons is excitatory, the probability of the next neuron firing is

How does an "integrate-and-fire" neuron work?

Sensory systems such as vision, touch, hearing) are

Hierarchies of neuronal arrays exist for

Mind and Brain

A Useful Framework

The Brain

Brain Imaging

The Art of Seeing

Sound, Speech, and Music Perception

The Brain Is Conscious

Learning and Memory

Thinking

Language

Decisions, Goals, and Actions

Social Cognition

Growing up

Filters