Question 1

Describe the difference between observational and experiential learning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning involves acquiring knowledge or skills by watching and imitating others. This can occur through direct observation of a person performing a task or through media such as videos. Experiential learning, on the other hand, involves learning through direct experience and reflection. This can include hands-on activities, simulations, and real-world experiences. The key difference between the two is that observational learning focuses on learning from others, while experiential learning focuses on learning through personal involvement and reflection. Both types of learning can be effective in different contexts and for different individuals.

Question 2

What is mentalizing?

Accepted Answer

Thinking about the thoughts, motivations or knowledge of others

Question 3

If I am playing doubles tennis with someone who isn't very good at tennis, what error signal below am I most likely to generate if they swing and miss the ball?

Accepted Answer

A) Reward prediction error 
B) Action prediction error 
C) Observational outcome prediction error 
A) Reward prediction error 
B) Action prediction error 
C) Observational outcome prediction error B

Question 4

Give an example of a study that might use an online TMS protocol to study moral judgments. Now modify it to be done with an offline protocol.

Accepted Answer

An example of a study that might use an

Question 5

TMS to which brain region would affect people's performance on a moral judgment task?

Accepted Answer

Temporal-p

Question 6

What type of analysis would combine the results from multiple studies into a single analysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of analysis would combine the...

Question 7

Which of the following is not associated with damage to the vmPFC?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor decision making 
B) Problems controlling emotion 
C) Lack of empathy 
D) Difficulty inhibiting actions 
A) Poor decision making 
B) Problems controlling emotion 
C) Lack of empathy 
D) Difficulty inhibiting actions

Question 8

What are the two representational steps of Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Represent other pers

Question 9

Describe the difference between online and offline TMS.

Accepted Answer

Online and offline TMS refer to two diff

Question 10

Describe three behavioral changes that came about as a result of Phineas Gage's accident.

Accepted Answer

Three behavioral changes that came about

Question 11

What is model-based fMRI? How does it differ from other approaches to the analysis of fMRI data?

Accepted Answer

Model-based fMRI, also known as model-ba

Question 12

Describe the difference between reward prediction errors, action prediction errors, and observed-outcome prediction errors.

Accepted Answer

Reward prediction errors, action predict

Question 13

What factor elicits differential neural responses when autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and neurotypical subjects consider a scenario in which one person gets harmed by another?

Accepted Answer

One factor that elicits differential neu

Question 14

What factor(s) should be taken into account when comparing the overlap of fMRI activity associated with two tasks or conditions?

Accepted Answer

When comparing the overlap of fMRI activ

Question 15

What are some of the behavioral tendencies of psychopaths? Which brain areas and connections differ in people with psychopathy relative to those without it?

Accepted Answer

Some of the behavioral tendencies of psy

Question 16

What is some evidence that the TPJ is specialized for theory of mind mentalizing? What evidence has been generated that challenges this claim?

Accepted Answer

Some evidence that the TPJ is specialize

Question 17

The phenomenon of temporal discounting is best illustrated in which example?

Accepted Answer

A) Someone who prefers one pizza now, rather than three pizzas a week from now 
B) Someone who prefers three pizzas a week from now than one pizza now 
C) Someone who equally happy with one pizza now or three hamburgers now 
D) Someone whose choice of pizza vs. hamburger is influenced by whether or not a peer is watching him make the decision 
A) Someone who prefers one pizza now, rather than three pizzas a week from now 
B) Someone who prefers three pizzas a week from now than one pizza now 
C) Someone who equally happy with one pizza now or three hamburgers now 
D) Someone whose choice of pizza vs. hamburger is influenced by whether or not a peer is watching him make the decision

Question 18

The behavioral variant of frontal-temporal dementia is associated with brain damage to what two brain regions?

Accepted Answer

Paracingul

Question 19

Give an example of a false-belief story. What brain regions have been implicated in understanding a false belief?

Accepted Answer

An example of a false-belief story is th

Question 20

Describe a task that should tap into the construct of theory of mind mentalizing.

Accepted Answer

A task that should tap into the construc

Describe the difference between observational and experiential learning.

What is mentalizing?

If I am playing doubles tennis with someone who isn't very good at tennis, what error signal below am I most likely to generate if they swing and miss the ball?

Give an example of a study that might use an online TMS protocol to study moral judgments. Now modify it to be done with an offline protocol.

TMS to which brain region would affect people's performance on a moral judgment task?

What type of analysis would combine the results from multiple studies into a single analysis?

Which of the following is not associated with damage to the vmPFC?

What are the two representational steps of Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning?

Describe the difference between online and offline TMS.

Describe three behavioral changes that came about as a result of Phineas Gage's accident.

What is model-based fMRI? How does it differ from other approaches to the analysis of fMRI data?

Describe the difference between reward prediction errors, action prediction errors, and observed-outcome prediction errors.

What factor elicits differential neural responses when autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and neurotypical subjects consider a scenario in which one person gets harmed by another?

What factor(s) should be taken into account when comparing the overlap of fMRI activity associated with two tasks or conditions?

What are some of the behavioral tendencies of psychopaths? Which brain areas and connections differ in people with psychopathy relative to those without it?

What is some evidence that the TPJ is specialized for theory of mind mentalizing? What evidence has been generated that challenges this claim?

The phenomenon of temporal discounting is best illustrated in which example?

The behavioral variant of frontal-temporal dementia is associated with brain damage to what two brain regions?

Give an example of a false-belief story. What brain regions have been implicated in understanding a false belief?

Describe a task that should tap into the construct of theory of mind mentalizing.

Introduction and History

The Brain

Sensation and Perception of Visual Signals

Audition and Somatosensation

The Visual System

Spatial Cognition and Attention

Skeletomotor Control

Oculomotor Control and the Control of Attention

Visual Object Recognition and Knowledge

Neural Bases of Memory

Declarative Longterm Memory

Semantic Longterm Memory

Shortterm and Working Memory

Cognitive Control

Decision Making

Emotion

Language

Consciousness

Filters

Exam 16: Social Behavior

Describe the difference between observational and experiential learning.

What is mentalizing?

If I am playing doubles tennis with someone who isn't very good at tennis, what error signal below am I most likely to generate if they swing and miss the ball?

Give an example of a study that might use an online TMS protocol to study moral judgments. Now modify it to be done with an offline protocol.

TMS to which brain region would affect people's performance on a moral judgment task?

What type of analysis would combine the results from multiple studies into a single analysis?

Which of the following is not associated with damage to the vmPFC?

What are the two representational steps of Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning?

Describe the difference between online and offline TMS.

Describe three behavioral changes that came about as a result of Phineas Gage's accident.

What is model-based fMRI? How does it differ from other approaches to the analysis of fMRI data?

Describe the difference between reward prediction errors, action prediction errors, and observed-outcome prediction errors.

What factor elicits differential neural responses when autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and neurotypical subjects consider a scenario in which one person gets harmed by another?

What factor(s) should be taken into account when comparing the overlap of fMRI activity associated with two tasks or conditions?

What are some of the behavioral tendencies of psychopaths? Which brain areas and connections differ in people with psychopathy relative to those without it?

What is some evidence that the TPJ is specialized for theory of mind mentalizing? What evidence has been generated that challenges this claim?

The phenomenon of temporal discounting is best illustrated in which example?

The behavioral variant of frontal-temporal dementia is associated with brain damage to what two brain regions?

Give an example of a false-belief story. What brain regions have been implicated in understanding a false belief?

Describe a task that should tap into the construct of theory of mind mentalizing.

Introduction and History

The Brain

Sensation and Perception of Visual Signals

Audition and Somatosensation

The Visual System

Spatial Cognition and Attention

Skeletomotor Control

Oculomotor Control and the Control of Attention

Visual Object Recognition and Knowledge

Neural Bases of Memory

Declarative Longterm Memory

Semantic Longterm Memory

Shortterm and Working Memory

Cognitive Control

Decision Making

Emotion

Language

Consciousness

Filters