Question 1

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen moral commitment?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcendence. 
B) Instrumental. 
C) Renunciation. 
D) Investment. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Transcendence. 
B) Instrumental. 
C) Renunciation. 
D) Investment. 
E) None of the above. A

Question 2

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen instrumental commitment?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcendence. 
B) Renunciation. 
C) Mortification. 
D) Investment. 
E) Communion 
A) Transcendence. 
B) Renunciation. 
C) Mortification. 
D) Investment. 
E) Communion D

Question 3

The importance of reference groups in religious commitment reflects the concept of __________, in which members cut ties with outsiders and define them as evil or insignificant.

Accepted Answer

A) Moral commitment 
B) Brainwashing 
C) Rational Choice Theory 
D) Renunciation 
E) Role Theory 
A) Moral commitment 
B) Brainwashing 
C) Rational Choice Theory 
D) Renunciation 
E) Role Theory D

Question 4

The author of your textbook notes, "liberal churches may have lower levels of commitment because they emphasize individuality and personal self-esteem." Unlike conservative churches, liberal communities de-emphasize which commitment mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Sacrifice 
B) Communion 
C) Transcendence d Mortification 
A) Sacrifice 
B) Communion 
C) Transcendence d Mortification

Question 5

In order to belong to a religious group, a person must give up his previous friends and family and focus all friendship on the group.In Kanter's theory, this is an example of which mechanism of commitment?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcendence. 
B) Instrumental. 
C) Mortification. 
D) Investment. 
E) Renunciation. 
A) Transcendence. 
B) Instrumental. 
C) Mortification. 
D) Investment. 
E) Renunciation.

Question 6

_________ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see as people move through the life course, and ________ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see in an entire population living through a specific time in history.

Accepted Answer

A) Cohort effects; period effects 
B) Generational effects; cohort effects 
C) Age effects; cohort effects 
D) Age effects; period effects 
A) Cohort effects; period effects 
B) Generational effects; cohort effects 
C) Age effects; cohort effects 
D) Age effects; period effects

Question 7

Research indicates that religion has

Accepted Answer

A) never been a very important identity factor for people in North America. 
B) has never been as focused on denominational loyalty as it has become in the twenty-first century. 
C) changed to that the proportion of the American population identifying as Christian has increased with the evangelical movement and the successes of the "religious right." 
D) not changed much at all, as an identity factor or as preference, for more than two hundred years. 
E) become more of a preference-like a menu choice at a restaurant-rather than a core identify issue. 
A) never been a very important identity factor for people in North America. 
B) has never been as focused on denominational loyalty as it has become in the twenty-first century. 
C) changed to that the proportion of the American population identifying as Christian has increased with the evangelical movement and the successes of the "religious right." 
D) not changed much at all, as an identity factor or as preference, for more than two hundred years. 
E) become more of a preference-like a menu choice at a restaurant-rather than a core identify issue.

Question 8

Kanter's research on religious communities has shown that when members make big sacrifices for the group,

Accepted Answer

A) they become resentful toward the group. 
B) their commitment to the group, and especially the organization itself, increases. 
C) they demand higher prestige in the group. 
D) they begin to oppose communal living and equal sharing among members. 
E) they become disaffected and are likely to leave the group soon afterwards. 
A) they become resentful toward the group. 
B) their commitment to the group, and especially the organization itself, increases. 
C) they demand higher prestige in the group. 
D) they begin to oppose communal living and equal sharing among members. 
E) they become disaffected and are likely to leave the group soon afterwards.

Question 9

A young recruit to a religious group is constantly asked to focus on her inadequacies and to confess all behaviors, thoughts, and feelings which might violate the norms of the group.Leaders frequently point out her faults and weaknesses as a way of "helping her grow in the spirit." According to Kanter's commitment theory, which type of commitment mechanism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Renunciation. 
B) Mortification. 
C) Investment. 
D) Sacrifice. 
E) Transcendence. 
A) Renunciation. 
B) Mortification. 
C) Investment. 
D) Sacrifice. 
E) Transcendence.

Question 10

According to the authors of your textbook, the typical sequence in the process of becoming religiously committed is to be committed to

Accepted Answer

A) the organization, then to the beliefs, and finally to the members themselves. 
B) the beliefs, then to the members, and finally to the organization. 
C) the beliefs, then to the organization, and finally to the members themselves. 
D) the members as friends, then to the organization, and finally to the belief system. 
E) none of the above; cult members are usually recruited through brainwashing. 
A) the organization, then to the beliefs, and finally to the members themselves. 
B) the beliefs, then to the members, and finally to the organization. 
C) the beliefs, then to the organization, and finally to the members themselves. 
D) the members as friends, then to the organization, and finally to the belief system. 
E) none of the above; cult members are usually recruited through brainwashing.

Question 11

Mortification can help extremely close-knit groups function more harmoniously and smoothly because

Accepted Answer

A) when members do not have large egos, they are less likely to argue with others and assert their own opinions. 
B) it improves self-esteem of members. 
C) it decreases commitment to the organization. 
D) it increases affective commitment. 
E) it increases the likelihood that members will challenge the leaders when those leaders make a poor decision. 
A) when members do not have large egos, they are less likely to argue with others and assert their own opinions. 
B) it improves self-esteem of members. 
C) it decreases commitment to the organization. 
D) it increases affective commitment. 
E) it increases the likelihood that members will challenge the leaders when those leaders make a poor decision.

Question 12

The three phases of the "disestablishment of religion" in America identified by Philip Hammond are

Accepted Answer

A) separation of religion from government (the state), reduction of Protestantism as having a monopoly on Americanism and the American elite, and separation of religious identity from predominantly denominational and organizational expressions of faith and loyalty. 
B) separation of religion from government (the state), reduction of Protestantism as simultaneous with Americanism, and separation of children from the influence of their parents. 
C) Reduction of Protestantism as having a monopoly on Americanism and being part of the American elite, increase in religious influence on government and social policy, and separation of adolescent youth from religious influence by their parents 
D) Separation of people from denominational loyalty, separation of adolescence from the religious influence of their parents, separation of religious influence from everyday decisions about morality and life choices. 
A) separation of religion from government (the state), reduction of Protestantism as having a monopoly on Americanism and the American elite, and separation of religious identity from predominantly denominational and organizational expressions of faith and loyalty. 
B) separation of religion from government (the state), reduction of Protestantism as simultaneous with Americanism, and separation of children from the influence of their parents. 
C) Reduction of Protestantism as having a monopoly on Americanism and being part of the American elite, increase in religious influence on government and social policy, and separation of adolescent youth from religious influence by their parents 
D) Separation of people from denominational loyalty, separation of adolescence from the religious influence of their parents, separation of religious influence from everyday decisions about morality and life choices.

Question 13

Sociologists suggest that most people continue in the religious traditions of their parents and grandparents because

Accepted Answer

A) they are incapable of thinking for themselves. 
B) the faith is true and eternal, so no change is warranted. 
C) childhood socialization into the religion is powerful. 
D) many religions use brainwashing techniques and manipulate their children. 
A) they are incapable of thinking for themselves. 
B) the faith is true and eternal, so no change is warranted. 
C) childhood socialization into the religion is powerful. 
D) many religions use brainwashing techniques and manipulate their children.

Question 14

What concept was developed to explain the unclear and delayed passage to adulthood experienced by American youth today?

Accepted Answer

A) Adolescence 
B) Emerging Adulthood 
C) Delayed Adulthood 
D) Young Adulthood 
A) Adolescence 
B) Emerging Adulthood 
C) Delayed Adulthood 
D) Young Adulthood

Question 15

What is the most likely consequence of increasing rates of religious intermarriage and marital dissolution (divorce, separation) on the intergenerational transmission of religion?

Accepted Answer

A) It will not have an effect one way or the other. 
B) Children will increasingly stay home from religious services while their parents attend 
C) Children will increasingly attend religious services while their parents stay home 
D) Children and parents will increasingly stay home from religious services 
A) It will not have an effect one way or the other. 
B) Children will increasingly stay home from religious services while their parents attend 
C) Children will increasingly attend religious services while their parents stay home 
D) Children and parents will increasingly stay home from religious services

Question 16

When some sociologists argue that religion is largely socialized-learned from family and groups the family channels children into-they are saying that religion is

Accepted Answer

A) largely ascribed. 
B) highly individualistic. 
C) increasingly achieved. 
D) mostly evangelical and conservative. 
E) increasingly diverse in the United States. 
A) largely ascribed. 
B) highly individualistic. 
C) increasingly achieved. 
D) mostly evangelical and conservative. 
E) increasingly diverse in the United States.

Question 17

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) Family religiousness is the most powerful predictor of adulthood religiousness; and (B) Parent-child transmission of religiousness is not inevitable.Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Only A is an accurate statement 
B) Only B is an accurate statement 
C) Both A and B are accurate statements 
D) Neither A nor B are accurate statements 
A) Only A is an accurate statement 
B) Only B is an accurate statement 
C) Both A and B are accurate statements 
D) Neither A nor B are accurate statements

Question 18

In Kanter's theory, the sacrifice mechanism is one component of which type of commitment?

Accepted Answer

A) Instrumental. 
B) Affective. 
C) Moral. 
D) Situational. 
E) Authoritarian. 
A) Instrumental. 
B) Affective. 
C) Moral. 
D) Situational. 
E) Authoritarian.

Question 19

The authors of your textbook argue that religion in the United States has been changing in recent decades by becoming

Accepted Answer

A) more ascribed. 
B) more loyal to denominational "brand." 
C) less subject to change over the life course. 
D) more achieved rather than ascribed, and more individualistic. 
E) more resistant to the influence of popular culture messages. 
A) more ascribed. 
B) more loyal to denominational "brand." 
C) less subject to change over the life course. 
D) more achieved rather than ascribed, and more individualistic. 
E) more resistant to the influence of popular culture messages.

Question 20

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) In terms of identity, Americans have very little discretion in how they self-identify; and (B) The religious identity of most Americans is unconventional.Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Only A is an accurate statement 
B) Only B is an accurate statement 
C) Both A and B are accurate statements 
D) Neither A nor B are accurate statements 
A) Only A is an accurate statement 
B) Only B is an accurate statement 
C) Both A and B are accurate statements 
D) Neither A nor B are accurate statements

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen moral commitment?

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen instrumental commitment?

The importance of reference groups in religious commitment reflects the concept of __________, in which members cut ties with outsiders and define them as evil or insignificant.

The author of your textbook notes, "liberal churches may have lower levels of commitment because they emphasize individuality and personal self-esteem." Unlike conservative churches, liberal communities de-emphasize which commitment mechanism?

In order to belong to a religious group, a person must give up his previous friends and family and focus all friendship on the group.In Kanter's theory, this is an example of which mechanism of commitment?

_ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see as people move through the life course, and refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see in an entire population living through a specific time in history.

Research indicates that religion has

Kanter's research on religious communities has shown that when members make big sacrifices for the group,

According to the authors of your textbook, the typical sequence in the process of becoming religiously committed is to be committed to

Mortification can help extremely close-knit groups function more harmoniously and smoothly because

The three phases of the "disestablishment of religion" in America identified by Philip Hammond are

Sociologists suggest that most people continue in the religious traditions of their parents and grandparents because

What concept was developed to explain the unclear and delayed passage to adulthood experienced by American youth today?

What is the most likely consequence of increasing rates of religious intermarriage and marital dissolution (divorce, separation) on the intergenerational transmission of religion?

When some sociologists argue that religion is largely socialized-learned from family and groups the family channels children into-they are saying that religion is

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) Family religiousness is the most powerful predictor of adulthood religiousness; and (B) Parent-child transmission of religiousness is not inevitable.Which of the following is correct?

In Kanter's theory, the sacrifice mechanism is one component of which type of commitment?

The authors of your textbook argue that religion in the United States has been changing in recent decades by becoming

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) In terms of identity, Americans have very little discretion in how they self-identify; and (B) The religious identity of most Americans is unconventional.Which of the following is correct?

What Do We Mean by the Term Religion

A Social Scientific Approach to Studying Religion

Religion in the Larger Society: Macro Perspectives

The Cultural Construction of Religion: Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Worldview

Conversion and Switching

Organized Religion: Churches, Sects, Denominations, and Cults

Organized Religion: Denominationalism and Congregationalism

Religion, Economics, and Social Class

Religion and Race

Religion, Gender, and Sexuality

Religion, Inequality, and Social Activism

Secularization: Religion in Decline or in Transformation

Religion Outside the God Box

Religion and Globalization

Filters

Exam 5: Becoming and Being Religious

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen moral commitment?

In Kanter's theory, which of the following would strengthen instrumental commitment?

The importance of reference groups in religious commitment reflects the concept of __________, in which members cut ties with outsiders and define them as evil or insignificant.

The author of your textbook notes, "liberal churches may have lower levels of commitment because they emphasize individuality and personal self-esteem." Unlike conservative churches, liberal communities de-emphasize which commitment mechanism?

In order to belong to a religious group, a person must give up his previous friends and family and focus all friendship on the group.In Kanter's theory, this is an example of which mechanism of commitment?

_________ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see as people move through the life course, and ________ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see in an entire population living through a specific time in history.

Research indicates that religion has

Kanter's research on religious communities has shown that when members make big sacrifices for the group,

According to the authors of your textbook, the typical sequence in the process of becoming religiously committed is to be committed to

Mortification can help extremely close-knit groups function more harmoniously and smoothly because

The three phases of the "disestablishment of religion" in America identified by Philip Hammond are

Sociologists suggest that most people continue in the religious traditions of their parents and grandparents because

What concept was developed to explain the unclear and delayed passage to adulthood experienced by American youth today?

What is the most likely consequence of increasing rates of religious intermarriage and marital dissolution (divorce, separation) on the intergenerational transmission of religion?

When some sociologists argue that religion is largely socialized-learned from family and groups the family channels children into-they are saying that religion is

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) Family religiousness is the most powerful predictor of adulthood religiousness; and (B) Parent-child transmission of religiousness is not inevitable.Which of the following is correct?

In Kanter's theory, the sacrifice mechanism is one component of which type of commitment?

The authors of your textbook argue that religion in the United States has been changing in recent decades by becoming

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) In terms of identity, Americans have very little discretion in how they self-identify; and (B) The religious identity of most Americans is unconventional.Which of the following is correct?

What Do We Mean by the Term Religion

A Social Scientific Approach to Studying Religion

Religion in the Larger Society: Macro Perspectives

The Cultural Construction of Religion: Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Worldview

Conversion and Switching

Organized Religion: Churches, Sects, Denominations, and Cults

Organized Religion: Denominationalism and Congregationalism

Religion, Economics, and Social Class

Religion and Race

Religion, Gender, and Sexuality

Religion, Inequality, and Social Activism

Secularization: Religion in Decline or in Transformation

Religion Outside the God Box

Religion and Globalization

Filters

_ refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see as people move through the life course, and refer to the fluctuations in religiosity we see in an entire population living through a specific time in history.