Question 1

Which of the following is an example of reasoning through uniformitarian principles, rather then simple analogy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethnographic data on the hunting and gathering Shoshone in Nevada suggest that in the 19th century the Shoshone lived in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric people who lived in the same area with the same economy also lived in groups of about 25. 
B)  Ethnographic data from all over the world show that hunter-gatherers live in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric hunter-gatherers in the deserts of Nevada also lived in groups of about 25 people. 
C)  It has been demonstrated using ethnographic data that in a variety of different kinds of environments a group of hunter-gatherers of about 25 people contains about 7 active hunters and this number is sufficient to ensure that someone comes home with game each day; increasing the number of hunters beyond 7 increases the amount of food needed for the group but does not appreciably increase the chance that some hunter will come home with game; thus we argue that prehistoric hunter-gatherers also lived in groups of about 25 people. 
D)  Ethnographic data on highly nomadic hunter-gatherers in desert environments who depend heavily on plants for food rather than on animals show that they live in groups of about 25 people; since prehistoric foragers in the Great Basin deserts were highly nomadic and heavily dependent on plant foods we argue that prehistoric peoples there lived in groups of 25 people. 
A)  Ethnographic data on the hunting and gathering Shoshone in Nevada suggest that in the 19th century the Shoshone lived in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric people who lived in the same area with the same economy also lived in groups of about 25. 
B)  Ethnographic data from all over the world show that hunter-gatherers live in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric hunter-gatherers in the deserts of Nevada also lived in groups of about 25 people. 
C)  It has been demonstrated using ethnographic data that in a variety of different kinds of environments a group of hunter-gatherers of about 25 people contains about 7 active hunters and this number is sufficient to ensure that someone comes home with game each day; increasing the number of hunters beyond 7 increases the amount of food needed for the group but does not appreciably increase the chance that some hunter will come home with game; thus we argue that prehistoric hunter-gatherers also lived in groups of about 25 people. 
D)  Ethnographic data on highly nomadic hunter-gatherers in desert environments who depend heavily on plants for food rather than on animals show that they live in groups of about 25 people; since prehistoric foragers in the Great Basin deserts were highly nomadic and heavily dependent on plant foods we argue that prehistoric peoples there lived in groups of 25 people.

Question 2

Exploring the possible ways to make a projectile point is an example of , while observing the way a living group of people make projectile points is an example of .

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental archaeology/ethnoarchaeology 
B)  middle range research/general theory 
C)  ethnoarchaeology/experimental archaeology 
D)  general theory/middle range research 
A)  experimental archaeology/ethnoarchaeology 
B)  middle range research/general theory 
C)  ethnoarchaeology/experimental archaeology 
D)  general theory/middle range research

Question 3

One way to make relevant bridging arguments is to observe the workings of a culture in its systemic context.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is the final stage that Hill and Behrensmeyer found to be the process of how large animal skeletons fall apart?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decomposing animal carcass will collapse into a flat pile of bones. 
B)  The scapula detaches from the vertebral column, allowing the entire front limb to drop away. 
C)  The vertebrae disarticulate. 
D)  The sun causes the exposed skull to flake away. 
A)  A decomposing animal carcass will collapse into a flat pile of bones. 
B)  The scapula detaches from the vertebral column, allowing the entire front limb to drop away. 
C)  The vertebrae disarticulate. 
D)  The sun causes the exposed skull to flake away.

Question 5

Taphonomic research at the Hudson-Meng bison bonebed in northwest Nebraska showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ancestors of modern Plains Indians purposely broke open bison skulls to remove the brains for use in tanning hides. 
B)  natural processes such as incomplete burial and subsequent exposure to sunlight could have caused the tops of the bison skulls to decompose. 
C)  the bonebed was a result of the ancestors of modern Plains Indians running a herd of 500 bison off of a low cliff and subsequently dragging them to a processing area. 
D)  the bonebed was a result of both natural bone accumulation and human hunting practices. 
A)  the ancestors of modern Plains Indians purposely broke open bison skulls to remove the brains for use in tanning hides. 
B)  natural processes such as incomplete burial and subsequent exposure to sunlight could have caused the tops of the bison skulls to decompose. 
C)  the bonebed was a result of the ancestors of modern Plains Indians running a herd of 500 bison off of a low cliff and subsequently dragging them to a processing area. 
D)  the bonebed was a result of both natural bone accumulation and human hunting practices.

Question 6

The goal of middle level theory is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine whether modern cultures accurately reflect prehistoric cultures. 
B)  identify gender through stone tool analysis. 
C)  help build secure inferences from archaeological remains. 
D)  identify the role of the individual in archaeological research. 
A)  determine whether modern cultures accurately reflect prehistoric cultures. 
B)  identify gender through stone tool analysis. 
C)  help build secure inferences from archaeological remains. 
D)  identify the role of the individual in archaeological research.

Question 7

Analogies justified by similarities in the formal attributes of archaeological and ethnographic objects and features are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  formal analogies. 
B)  relational analogies. 
C)  middle-range analogies. 
D)  uniformitarian analogies. 
A)  formal analogies. 
B)  relational analogies. 
C)  middle-range analogies. 
D)  uniformitarian analogies.

Question 8

If stone is chert or quartzite, you might improve the raw materials for stone tool making by

Accepted Answer

A)  burying the flakes or cores. 
B)  burning a fire on top of the stones. 
C)  soaking the stones in water. 
D)  burying the flakes or cores and burning a fire on top of the stones. 
A)  burying the flakes or cores. 
B)  burning a fire on top of the stones. 
C)  soaking the stones in water. 
D)  burying the flakes or cores and burning a fire on top of the stones.

Question 9

Experimental archaeology is necessary when archaeologists want to know the material effects of behaviors that no longer exist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Faunal remains in archaeological sites are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  plant remains. 
B)  animal bones. 
C)  pottery artifacts. 
D)  soil samples. 
A)  plant remains. 
B)  animal bones. 
C)  pottery artifacts. 
D)  soil samples.

Question 11

Analogies justified on the basis of close cultural continuity between the archaeological and ethnographic cases or similarity in general cultural form are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  formal analogies. 
B)  relational analogies. 
C)  middle-range analogies. 
D)  uniformitarian analogies. 
A)  formal analogies. 
B)  relational analogies. 
C)  middle-range analogies. 
D)  uniformitarian analogies.

Which of the following is an example of reasoning through uniformitarian principles, rather then simple analogy?

Exploring the possible ways to make a projectile point is an example of , while observing the way a living group of people make projectile points is an example of .

One way to make relevant bridging arguments is to observe the workings of a culture in its systemic context.

Which of the following is the final stage that Hill and Behrensmeyer found to be the process of how large animal skeletons fall apart?

Taphonomic research at the Hudson-Meng bison bonebed in northwest Nebraska showed that:

The goal of middle level theory is to:

Analogies justified by similarities in the formal attributes of archaeological and ethnographic objects and features are known as:

If stone is chert or quartzite, you might improve the raw materials for stone tool making by

Experimental archaeology is necessary when archaeologists want to know the material effects of behaviors that no longer exist.

Faunal remains in archaeological sites are composed of

Analogies justified on the basis of close cultural continuity between the archaeological and ethnographic cases or similarity in general cultural form are known as:

Meet Some New Archaeologists

The Structure Of Archaeological Inquiry

Doing Fieldwork Surveying For Archaeological Sites

Doing Fieldwork Why Archaeologists Dig Square Holes

Geoarchaeology and Site Formation Processes

Chronology Building How To Get A Date

The Dimensions Of Archaeology Time Space And Form

People Plants and Animals In The Past

Bioarchaeological Approaches To The Past

Reconstructing Social And Political Systems Of The Past

The Archaeology Of The Mind

Understanding Key Transitions In World Prehistory

Historial Archaeology Insights On American History

Caring For Our Cultural Heritage

Archaeology Apos S Future

Filters

Exam 8: Taphonomy Experimental Archaeology And Ethnoarchaeology

Which of the following is an example of reasoning through uniformitarian principles, rather then simple analogy?

Exploring the possible ways to make a projectile point is an example of , while observing the way a living group of people make projectile points is an example of .

One way to make relevant bridging arguments is to observe the workings of a culture in its systemic context.

Which of the following is the final stage that Hill and Behrensmeyer found to be the process of how large animal skeletons fall apart?

Taphonomic research at the Hudson-Meng bison bonebed in northwest Nebraska showed that:

The goal of middle level theory is to:

Analogies justified by similarities in the formal attributes of archaeological and ethnographic objects and features are known as:

If stone is chert or quartzite, you might improve the raw materials for stone tool making by

Experimental archaeology is necessary when archaeologists want to know the material effects of behaviors that no longer exist.

Faunal remains in archaeological sites are composed of

Analogies justified on the basis of close cultural continuity between the archaeological and ethnographic cases or similarity in general cultural form are known as:

Meet Some New Archaeologists

The Structure Of Archaeological Inquiry

Doing Fieldwork Surveying For Archaeological Sites

Doing Fieldwork Why Archaeologists Dig Square Holes

Geoarchaeology and Site Formation Processes

Chronology Building How To Get A Date

The Dimensions Of Archaeology Time Space And Form

People Plants and Animals In The Past

Bioarchaeological Approaches To The Past

Reconstructing Social And Political Systems Of The Past

The Archaeology Of The Mind

Understanding Key Transitions In World Prehistory

Historial Archaeology Insights On American History

Caring For Our Cultural Heritage

Archaeology Apos S Future

Filters