Exam 16: Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Compare and contrast the two approaches to genome sequencing (whole- genome shotgun sequencing and clone- by- clone sequencing).

Transcomplementation is a name sometimes given for a test to see whether a gene from one organism can "rescue" a loss- of- function mutant of a different organism with a homologous gene. To which of the following processes might this term apply?

A gene product might be initially hypothesized from comparative genomics but should be confirmed how?

Which of the following describes genome tiling arrays?

Provide a reasonable explanation for the discovery of a gene in the human genome that has no homolog in chimpanzees, but does have homologs with E. coli and other bacteria.

Which of the following defines the essential gene set of an organism such as a species of yeast?

Genome- wide expression patterns can be studied using _________ .

How and why is the two- hybrid system used to find where two proteins interact?

The BLAST program from NIH enables a researcher to look for homologous genes. It does so in general by searching for identity in what?

It has been predicted that genes may be involved in smoking behavior. Previously, large twin and family studies have provided evidence of this and an estimate of heritability (genetic contribution) of 46- 59%, depending on sex. A large group of researchers from several institutions composed a pathway- or- systems- based series of studies including SNP analysis, cellular location and protein interaction, replication with other samples, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. What is a likely result?

Finding only the coding sequence of an ancestral gene, no introns or promoter, in a new location in a genome suggests what mechanism of gene birth gave rise to this sequence?

If an entire genome is fragmented and then a large number of pieces are sequenced, the approach is known as the ________approach.

When authors discuss gene annotation, to what do they refer?

Recombination between two Alu elements can result in deletions of chromosome segments. In a recent study, researchers compared Alu recombination- mediated deletions of humans and chimpanzees. They identified 492 human- specific deletions of this type. Why is this finding important?

An inherited human disorder, familial dysautonomia, results from a nucleotide mutation in the gene IKAP that is expressed in the nervous system. The decreased IKAP protein leads to abnormal development, and the resulting disease is usually fatal by age 30. The nucleotide change alters splicing. If this change affects only the nervous system and not the immune system, in which the gene is also expressed, what feature must be found in this gene?

Which type of sequencing involves first creating a physical map?

In 2000, when then- President Clinton along with Francis Collins of the Human Genome Project and Craig Venter of Celera announced the completion of a "draft" of the human genome, the event did not, in fact, represent true completion because most of what types of sequences were not included?

The set of transcripts present in a cell or organism is called the _________.

In general, which part of a coding gene shows the most evolutionary conservation?

Shotgun sequencing requires all of the following except?