Exam 17: Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

In certain Latin American countries during periods of political volatility, children were removed from their families and their parents were executed (then referred to as being "disappeared"). The methods with the best chance of reuniting those children with members of their extended family have used mtDNA matching. Why and how?

Two databases, OMIM and Mitomap, are especially useful in exploring human mitochondrial mutations. If you are interested in learning whether aminoglycoside- induced deafness is inherited maternally, and what gene(s) is/are involved, which of the following would give you the most information?

Mitochondrial genome transcription, translation, and replication occur where?

Chloroplast RNA undergoes _________, which is the alteration of the RNA sequence after transcription.

If the mother and grandmother of a given family both exhibit phenotypic effects of a mitochondrial disorder, how is it possible that the mother's three children each have different phenotypes from one another and different degrees of severity?

A cell or organism in which all copies of the cytoplasmic organelle gene are the same is said to be_______ .

In Leber's disease (LHON), degeneration of the optic nerve results in blindness due to a defect in NA dehydrogenase affecting electron transport. If this is due to a mutation in a mitochondrial gene, whi combination of the following effects would you expect to see when doing a pedigree analysis of a fa with LHON? i. variable expressivity ii. incomplete penetrance iii. progressive blindness over time iv. maternal inheritance v. diminished muscle mass

The organelles involved in organelle heredity are____________ and ___________ .

Mating in Chlamydomonas occurs between haploid mt+ and mt- individuals. The mt- chloroplast genome is selectively degraded 95% of the time. In one such mating, the mt+ genome is strR and mt- is strS. Will offspring live or die if they are exposed to streptomycin?

If a cell includes a mixture of variable numbers of wild- type and mutant organelles, this condition is known as_________ .

Sigma virus infection in Drosophila melanogaster causes flies to become paralyzed and then die in high concentrations of CO₂. The virus is passed on extrachromosomally. Two isogenic strains of Drosophila cultures are maintained: R (resistant to CO₂ or wild type) and S (susceptible to CO₂, infected with sigma). After crosses between male R and female S flies, subsets of offspring of each sex are tested for CO₂ sensitivity. Which of the following results do you expect?

Any form of inheritance that does not follow Mendelian patterns and that involves most of the cytoplasm being contributed to the embryo by one of the parents is called________ .

Allan Wilson showed that the mtDNA of Africans is more diverse than that of other human populations. Does this finding provide evidence for the multiregional (MRE) model or the recent African origin (RAO) model?

Do the protein- coding parts of organelle genes more closely resemble those of Bacteria (Eubacteria) or Archaea?