Question 1

The standard deviation of a distribution of means sampling distribution) is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the mean deviation. 
B)  the standard mean deviation. 
C)  the standard error. 
D)  the absolute mean deviation. 
A)  the mean deviation. 
B)  the standard mean deviation. 
C)  the standard error. 
D)  the absolute mean deviation.

Question 2

Colin has always heard the saying "blondes have more fun" and he wants to see if it's true. He's not sure what "have more fun" means, so he just decides to find out if blondes are happier. He randomly samples blondes, brunettes, and redheads on his campus and administers a validated happiness scale to each. He conducts 3 separate independent samples t tests on the dependent variable of happiness. What did Colin do wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no need to conduct the t tests - he can simply compare the sample means of the three groups to see which ones are different 
B)  a one-way ANOVA would have told him which pairs of means were significantly different. 
C)  Conducting multiple t tests is inappropriate because it will inflate the risk of a Type I error beyond .05; he should have conducted an ANOVA and conducted appropriately adjusted post-hoc tests 
D)  nothing; his procedure and analysis are correct 
A)  there is no need to conduct the t tests - he can simply compare the sample means of the three groups to see which ones are different 
B)  a one-way ANOVA would have told him which pairs of means were significantly different. 
C)  Conducting multiple t tests is inappropriate because it will inflate the risk of a Type I error beyond .05; he should have conducted an ANOVA and conducted appropriately adjusted post-hoc tests 
D)  nothing; his procedure and analysis are correct

Question 3

Kirsten runs an experiment for her research methods class in which she studies vocabulary learning in one group of introductory-level French students. At the start of the semester, she assesses these students' knowledge of French vocabulary; she does another assessment at the end of the semester. What statistical test should she use to see whether her group of French students significantly increased their knowledge of French vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent samples t test 
B)  one-way repeated measures analysis of variance 
C)  one-way analysis of variance 
D)  two-way analysis of variance 
A)  independent samples t test 
B)  one-way repeated measures analysis of variance 
C)  one-way analysis of variance 
D)  two-way analysis of variance

Question 4

Dr. Mai conducts a test of a new anti-malaria drug in Africa and concludes that he should reject the null hypothesis because his probability value was .04. He concludes, therefore, that his drug works. In reality, however, it does not work. Dr. Mai has committed a______ error.

Accepted Answer

A)  logical 
B)  Type I or false positive) 
C)  Type II or false negative) 
D)  statistical 
A)  logical 
B)  Type I or false positive) 
C)  Type II or false negative) 
D)  statistical

Question 5

You read the following information in the results section of a paper: F2, 15) = 6.36, p > .05. What can you conclude from this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the result was significant 
B)  that there were 15 participants in the study 
C)  that an analysis of variance test was used 
D)  that the researchers should conduct a post-hoc test 
A)  that the result was significant 
B)  that there were 15 participants in the study 
C)  that an analysis of variance test was used 
D)  that the researchers should conduct a post-hoc test

Question 6

Which of the following factors strongly affects the width of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

A)  sample size 
B)  sample mean 
C)  population mean 
D)  population size 
A)  sample size 
B)  sample mean 
C)  population mean 
D)  population size

Question 7

_________is a variation of ANOVA that allows us to identify and remove the effects of a third variable and increase statistical power.

Accepted Answer

A)  MANOVA 
B)  ANCOVA 
C)  Bonferroni 
D)  Factorial ANOVA 
A)  MANOVA 
B)  ANCOVA 
C)  Bonferroni 
D)  Factorial ANOVA

Question 8

When considering the decisions errors that can be made in hypothesis testing, one must balance the dangers of Type I versus Type II errors. Usually statistical testing is biased toward avoiding _____errors.

Accepted Answer

A)  mathematical or computational 
B)  Type I 
C)  Type II 
D)  decisional 
A)  mathematical or computational 
B)  Type I 
C)  Type II 
D)  decisional

Question 9

When the test statistic falls within the____ region of the sampling distribution the research would____ the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  test; accept 
B)  critical; reject 
C)  critical; accept 
D)  test; reject 
A)  test; accept 
B)  critical; reject 
C)  critical; accept 
D)  test; reject

Question 10

Hypothesis testing is

Accepted Answer

A)  a way of determining ultimate truth. 
B)  a statistical decision making process. 
C)  the way to determine if our hypothesis has construct validity. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a way of determining ultimate truth. 
B)  a statistical decision making process. 
C)  the way to determine if our hypothesis has construct validity. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

Regarding the decision to use either a directional or nondirectional alternative hypothesis, most researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer to use directional because of the increase in statistical power. 
B)  use nondirectional alternative hypotheses because this allows you to reject the null if your finding occurs in the opposite direction from your prediction. That is, it allows you to discover something new. 
C)  typically use nondirectional alternative hypotheses if the significance level is .05 and directional if it is .01. 
D)  have no convention at all in practice because there are pros and cons to each choice. 
A)  prefer to use directional because of the increase in statistical power. 
B)  use nondirectional alternative hypotheses because this allows you to reject the null if your finding occurs in the opposite direction from your prediction. That is, it allows you to discover something new. 
C)  typically use nondirectional alternative hypotheses if the significance level is .05 and directional if it is .01. 
D)  have no convention at all in practice because there are pros and cons to each choice.

Question 12

When the null hypothesis is rejected,

Accepted Answer

A)  you are stating that there is only one population of research participants. 
B)  you are stating that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable. 
C)  you are stating that nothing null) was found. 
D)  you are saying that your finding is statistically significant. 
A)  you are stating that there is only one population of research participants. 
B)  you are stating that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable. 
C)  you are stating that nothing null) was found. 
D)  you are saying that your finding is statistically significant.

Question 13

In statistical testing, the significance level is a statement of

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability 
B)  the degree of difference between group means. 
C)  the degree of difference between group standard deviations. 
D)  the difference between statistical and therapeutic significance of results. 
E) g., .05) at which the researcher would consider a sample result to be rare enough to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis . 
A)  the probability 
B)  the degree of difference between group means. 
C)  the degree of difference between group standard deviations. 
D)  the difference between statistical and therapeutic significance of results. 
E) g., .05) at which the researcher would consider a sample result to be rare enough to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis .

Question 14

Which of the following significance tests would be used to test the significance of a regression coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  ANCOVA 
B)  t test 
C)  Pearson's r 
D)  Chi Square 
A)  ANCOVA 
B)  t test 
C)  Pearson's r 
D)  Chi Square

Question 15

A Type I error is known as a_____ and a Type II error is known as a_____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  false positive, false negative 
B)  false negative, false positive. 
C)  sample error, population error. 
D)  population error, sample error. 
A)  false positive, false negative 
B)  false negative, false positive. 
C)  sample error, population error. 
D)  population error, sample error.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sampling distributions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The only sampling distribution possible is the sampling distribution of the mean. 
B)  Sampling distributions can be made for any sample statistic. 
C)  Sampling distributions are not theoretical probability distributions. 
D)  Sampling distributions can only be created for samples of N = 40+. 
A)  The only sampling distribution possible is the sampling distribution of the mean. 
B)  Sampling distributions can be made for any sample statistic. 
C)  Sampling distributions are not theoretical probability distributions. 
D)  Sampling distributions can only be created for samples of N = 40+.

Question 17

The purpose of a post hoc test is to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine which specific treatment conditions are significantly different. 
B)  determine whether or not a Type I error was made in the ANOVA. 
C)  determine whether or not a complete ANOVA is justified. 
D)  to determine the magnitude of an effect. 
A)  determine which specific treatment conditions are significantly different. 
B)  determine whether or not a Type I error was made in the ANOVA. 
C)  determine whether or not a complete ANOVA is justified. 
D)  to determine the magnitude of an effect.

Question 18

The p value associated with a F ratio in the analysis of variance tells us whether there is a significant difference in performance across all of our groups of participants; however, if there are 3 or more groups it does NOT tell us

Accepted Answer

A)  which specific groups) performed significantly better or worse. 
B)  whether that difference between any two of the means is statistically significant. 
C)  Both A and B are correct 
D)  Neither A nor B is correct. 
A)  which specific groups) performed significantly better or worse. 
B)  whether that difference between any two of the means is statistically significant. 
C)  Both A and B are correct 
D)  Neither A nor B is correct.

Question 19

Although the change decreases statistical power, you can decrease the risk of making a Type I error simply by

Accepted Answer

A)  examining extraneous variables. 
B)  making your significance i.e., alpha) level smaller 
C)  adding more dependent variables to your study. 
D)  adjust your degrees of freedom. 
E) g., change it from .05 to .01). 
A)  examining extraneous variables. 
B)  making your significance i.e., alpha) level smaller 
C)  adding more dependent variables to your study. 
D)  adjust your degrees of freedom. 
E) g., change it from .05 to .01).

The standard deviation of a distribution of means sampling distribution) is called

Dr. Mai conducts a test of a new anti-malaria drug in Africa and concludes that he should reject the null hypothesis because his probability value was .04. He concludes, therefore, that his drug works. In reality, however, it does not work. Dr. Mai has committed a______ error.

You read the following information in the results section of a paper: F2, 15) = 6.36, p > .05. What can you conclude from this statement?

Which of the following factors strongly affects the width of a confidence interval?

_________is a variation of ANOVA that allows us to identify and remove the effects of a third variable and increase statistical power.

When considering the decisions errors that can be made in hypothesis testing, one must balance the dangers of Type I versus Type II errors. Usually statistical testing is biased toward avoiding _____errors.

When the test statistic falls within the region of the sampling distribution the research would the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis testing is

Regarding the decision to use either a directional or nondirectional alternative hypothesis, most researchers

When the null hypothesis is rejected,

In statistical testing, the significance level is a statement of

Which of the following significance tests would be used to test the significance of a regression coefficient?

A Type I error is known as a_ and a Type II error is known as a_ .

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sampling distributions?

The purpose of a post hoc test is to

The p value associated with a F ratio in the analysis of variance tells us whether there is a significant difference in performance across all of our groups of participants; however, if there are 3 or more groups it does NOT tell us

Although the change decreases statistical power, you can decrease the risk of making a Type I error simply by

Introduction to Scientific Research

Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation

Ethics

Measuring Variables and Sampling

Research Validity

Control Techniques in Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Procedure for Conducting an Experiment

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Research Designs

Survey Research

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research

Descriptive Statistics

Preparing the Research Report for Presentation or Publication

Filters

Exam 15: Inferential Statistics

The standard deviation of a distribution of means sampling distribution) is called

Dr. Mai conducts a test of a new anti-malaria drug in Africa and concludes that he should reject the null hypothesis because his probability value was .04. He concludes, therefore, that his drug works. In reality, however, it does not work. Dr. Mai has committed a______ error.

You read the following information in the results section of a paper: F2, 15) = 6.36, p > .05. What can you conclude from this statement?

Which of the following factors strongly affects the width of a confidence interval?

_________is a variation of ANOVA that allows us to identify and remove the effects of a third variable and increase statistical power.

When considering the decisions errors that can be made in hypothesis testing, one must balance the dangers of Type I versus Type II errors. Usually statistical testing is biased toward avoiding _____errors.

When the test statistic falls within the____ region of the sampling distribution the research would____ the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis testing is

Regarding the decision to use either a directional or nondirectional alternative hypothesis, most researchers

When the null hypothesis is rejected,

In statistical testing, the significance level is a statement of

Which of the following significance tests would be used to test the significance of a regression coefficient?

A Type I error is known as a_____ and a Type II error is known as a_____ .

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sampling distributions?

The purpose of a post hoc test is to

The p value associated with a F ratio in the analysis of variance tells us whether there is a significant difference in performance across all of our groups of participants; however, if there are 3 or more groups it does NOT tell us

Although the change decreases statistical power, you can decrease the risk of making a Type I error simply by

Introduction to Scientific Research

Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation

Ethics

Measuring Variables and Sampling

Research Validity

Control Techniques in Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Procedure for Conducting an Experiment

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Research Designs

Survey Research

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research

Descriptive Statistics

Preparing the Research Report for Presentation or Publication

Filters

When the test statistic falls within the region of the sampling distribution the research would the null hypothesis.

A Type I error is known as a_ and a Type II error is known as a_ .