Exam 9: The Fourth Amendment and Other Legal Issues

Distinguish between probable cause and reasonable suspicion in light of the Fourth Amendment.

Title ________ of the U.S.Patriot Act addresses parameters and procedures for electronic surveillance, and has been criticized most often by privacy advocates.

Under the original Wiretap Act, a communication was intercepted if the acquisition of the communication was contemporaneous with the transmission of information from sender to recipient.

In Travis v.U.S., the court ruled that the personal presence of the offender, not the locality of the offense, is the constitutional basis for venue.

By restricting the questioning, detaining, and arresting of citizens at the whim of the government, the Magna Carta introduced the notion of ________.

The particularity requirement is somewhat burdensome for officers investigating crime relating to ________ due to its unique characteristics.

Which of the following acts made it unlawful for local, state, or federal law enforcement authorities to search or seize those materials that may be publishable?

Which of the following sections of Title II of the U.S.Patriot Act includes provision for potential administrative discipline and civil action against the U.S.government?

On its surface, the Privacy Protection Act applies specifically to computer searches, while the Electronic Communications Privacy Act attaches the same significance to electronic bulletin boards and other online computer systems.

The ________ forbade questioning, detaining, and/or arresting of people at the whim of the government and introduced the notion of "reasonable grounds," the precursor to the American concept of probable cause.

In legal terms, the ________ would include a compilation of age, education, intelligence, and physical and mental conditions of the person granting consent.

Which legal doctrine relates to whether investigators need to obtain a secondary warrant prior to further investigation if they find evidence of criminality unrelated to the initial warrant?

Under the Ortega doctrine, employers who fail to warn employees of systems monitoring or allow employees access to electronic mail for personal reasons as well may lose some of their monitoring powers over employees due to an elevated expectation of privacy.

When can an officer undertake warrantless searches? Elaborate on the moral issues, if any, relating to privacy of the individuals who are searched.

Which of the following can seize and liquidate property within the United States of any foreign individual, entity, or country who is suspected of planning, authorizing, aiding, or engaging in an attack?

________ in cyberspace is all but intangible as it has traditionally been defined by established boundaries on the intrusion into a specific space or locale.

The standards and processes that safeguard the rights of individuals to be secure in their persons and property were enunciated in the first ten amendments of the Constitution and are commonly known as the ________.

What does the exclusionary rule state?

The courts have indicated that subscribers to ISPs have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their basic subscriber information.

Investigators should seek secondary warrants whenever they are in doubt as to the scope of the original warrant so as to avoid challenges based on ________.