Question 1

The disposal of nonhazardous solid waste is:

Accepted Answer

A)  generally regulated by state law, but the federal government sets guidelines that must be followed. 
B)  the only area of environmental concern that has yet to be regulated by federal action. 
C)  completely governed by federal administrative law. 
D)  currently the subject of great debate since the federal government has declared such activity falls under the Endangered Species Act and, therefore, a small annoying fly known to frequent landfills must be protected. 
A)  generally regulated by state law, but the federal government sets guidelines that must be followed. 
B)  the only area of environmental concern that has yet to be regulated by federal action. 
C)  completely governed by federal administrative law. 
D)  currently the subject of great debate since the federal government has declared such activity falls under the Endangered Species Act and, therefore, a small annoying fly known to frequent landfills must be protected.

Question 2

Under the Clean Water Act,a municipality must obtain a permit for any discharge from a wastewater treatment plant.To obtain a permit,the municipality must first treat the waste to reduce its toxicity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Big Hog Farms of America,Inc.,purchased 6,000 acres of farmland in South Dakota.The company intends to build several hog confinement buildings that will house nearly 40,000 hogs in each one.When completed,the facility will have over 200,000 hogs.The "hog factory" will cause terrible odors which will be extremely unpleasant for neighbors within five miles.A town of 2,500 people is only three miles north of the planned facility.The most serious concern is the disposal of all the hog manure,which will be very substantial.The hog factory will dump the hog sewage into large lagoons and then empty the watered-down sewage onto farm fields.It plans to sell some of this manure as fertilizer,though most of it will be spread on grounds the facility owns.
Despite all the uproar from people in the area,many people are in favor of the facility.It will employ nearly 200 people,purchase a lot of products (feed,supplies,etc.)from local businesses,and generate a lot of money into the economy.
Is this business required to submit an Environmental Impact Statement to the federal government and/or obtain a permit to operate from the EPA? Does the operation need any permits from the federal government to operate? Does it need authorization from state or local authorities? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The hog operation is not required to fil

Question 4

TriColor,Inc.purchased a piece of land from HBC,Inc.Hazardous waste was subsequently discovered on the land.Even though TriColor did nothing illegal,it may be liable under CERCLA for the cleanup costs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Congress established a trust fund for the EPA to use in Superfund cleanup.This trust fund was initially financed by a tax on what?

Accepted Answer

A)  The general public through federal income taxes. 
B)  Waste management and landfill operators. 
C)  The construction industry. 
D)  The oil and chemical industries. 
A)  The general public through federal income taxes. 
B)  Waste management and landfill operators. 
C)  The construction industry. 
D)  The oil and chemical industries.

Question 6

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was created by Congress to:

Accepted Answer

A)  consolidate environmental regulations under one agency. 
B)  protect corporate investors. 
C)  prevent conflicts between the Departments of Commerce and Interior. 
D)  eliminate discrimination. 
A)  consolidate environmental regulations under one agency. 
B)  protect corporate investors. 
C)  prevent conflicts between the Departments of Commerce and Interior. 
D)  eliminate discrimination.

Question 7

Acid rain is caused primarily by:

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur emissions from coal-burning utility plants. 
B)  automobile emissions, especially from large cities. 
C)  pesticides. 
D)  large-scale farming operations that raise livestock. 
A)  sulfur emissions from coal-burning utility plants. 
B)  automobile emissions, especially from large cities. 
C)  pesticides. 
D)  large-scale farming operations that raise livestock.

Question 8

Weste,Inc.decided to expand by building a $50 million manufacturing facility.The expansion is not regulated or approved by the government.Nevertheless,Weste must prepare an environmental impact statement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The Clean Water Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  requires the EPA to set water quality standards and the states to develop plans to achieve them. 
B)  allows water quality standards to vary depending on the designated use of the body of water being regulated. 
C)  allows water quality standards to be set at a level above or below the current condition of the water. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  requires the EPA to set water quality standards and the states to develop plans to achieve them. 
B)  allows water quality standards to vary depending on the designated use of the body of water being regulated. 
C)  allows water quality standards to be set at a level above or below the current condition of the water. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 10

An Environmental Impact Statement must be prepared for every major federal project that significantly affects the quality of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Ogle,Inc.has decided to sell a new chemical.Before selling the chemical,Ogle must register it with the EPA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

James purchased an abandoned lot.When he started to develop the land,he discovered several underground storage tanks containing hazardous waste buried on the site.He claims the seller,Richards,is liable to him for the cost of removing the tanks.Richards claims he owned the lot for 20 years and never knew of the underground tanks.Richards argues he purchased the land from Thomas and that Thomas or his heirs are liable for the cost of removing the underground tanks.Explain whether Richards has any liability for the costs of cleanup.Does Thomas or do his heirs have any liability?

Accepted Answer

Richards,as the seller of the land,is li

Question 13

Under the Endangered Species Act,what federal agency is responsible for preparing a list of species that are in danger of becoming extinct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Department of Commerce. 
B)  Department of the Interior. 
C)  Department of Labor. 
D)  Both (a) and (b) are correct. 
A)  Department of Commerce. 
B)  Department of the Interior. 
C)  Department of Labor. 
D)  Both (a) and (b) are correct.

Question 14

A Japanese company operates a ship called the Kinia.If the Kinia sails in U.S.waters,it must comply with the standards set by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The EPA brought an administrative action against Boch Industries for violating the Clean Air Act.The administrative law judge ruled in the EPA's favor.Boch Industries:

Accepted Answer

A)  can appeal the decision to a U. S. Court of Appeals and then to the U. S. Supreme Court. 
B)  can appeal to the U. S. Congress and then to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 
C)  can appeal to the Chair of the EPA. 
D)  cannot appeal the decision. 
A)  can appeal the decision to a U. S. Court of Appeals and then to the U. S. Supreme Court. 
B)  can appeal to the U. S. Congress and then to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 
C)  can appeal to the Chair of the EPA. 
D)  cannot appeal the decision.

Question 16

Which of the following Acts sets goals without regard to the cost involved in meeting the goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clean Water Act. 
B)  Clean Air Act. 
C)  Both the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. 
D)  Neither the Clean Water Act nor the Clean Air Act. 
A)  Clean Water Act. 
B)  Clean Air Act. 
C)  Both the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. 
D)  Neither the Clean Water Act nor the Clean Air Act.

Question 17

The United States has ____ percent of the world's population and consumes about ____ percent of the world's energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  20; 35 
B)  15; 30 
C)  10; 20 
D)  5; 25 
A)  20; 35 
B)  15; 30 
C)  10; 20 
D)  5; 25

Question 18

Coastal City Power Plant received its annual sulfur dioxide emission allowance.Because it is using a low-sulfur fuel which burns cleaner than some fuels,it does not need its entire allowance this year.Coastal:

Accepted Answer

A)  loses whatever unused allowance it has for the year. 
B)  may sell its leftover allowance to another company. 
C)  will not be regulated by an allowance next year since it was within its allowance for this year. 
D)  will only avoid future regulation if it signs an agreement to continue using either low-sulfur coal or natural gas in the future. 
A)  loses whatever unused allowance it has for the year. 
B)  may sell its leftover allowance to another company. 
C)  will not be regulated by an allowance next year since it was within its allowance for this year. 
D)  will only avoid future regulation if it signs an agreement to continue using either low-sulfur coal or natural gas in the future.

Question 19

We Care,a nonprofit environmental organization,believes that Quanaco is violating the Clean Air Act.The EPA has not taken any action against Quanaco.We Care can file a citizens' suit against Quanaco,but not against the EPA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In 2009,the EPA:

Accepted Answer

A)  denied California a waiver from the Clean Air Act standards, which would have allowed California permission to set stricter automobile pollution standards than the federal standards. 
B)  approved California automobile pollution standards, which were stricter than federal standards. 
C)  rejected California automobile pollution standards, which were not as strict as federal standards. 
D)  set individual automobile pollution standards for each state depending upon the density of its population. 
A)  denied California a waiver from the Clean Air Act standards, which would have allowed California permission to set stricter automobile pollution standards than the federal standards. 
B)  approved California automobile pollution standards, which were stricter than federal standards. 
C)  rejected California automobile pollution standards, which were not as strict as federal standards. 
D)  set individual automobile pollution standards for each state depending upon the density of its population.

Exam 26: Environmental Law

The disposal of nonhazardous solid waste is:

Under the Clean Water Act,a municipality must obtain a permit for any discharge from a wastewater treatment plant.To obtain a permit,the municipality must first treat the waste to reduce its toxicity.

TriColor,Inc.purchased a piece of land from HBC,Inc.Hazardous waste was subsequently discovered on the land.Even though TriColor did nothing illegal,it may be liable under CERCLA for the cleanup costs.

Congress established a trust fund for the EPA to use in Superfund cleanup.This trust fund was initially financed by a tax on what?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was created by Congress to:

Acid rain is caused primarily by:

Weste,Inc.decided to expand by building a $50 million manufacturing facility.The expansion is not regulated or approved by the government.Nevertheless,Weste must prepare an environmental impact statement.

The Clean Water Act:

An Environmental Impact Statement must be prepared for every major federal project that significantly affects the quality of the environment.

Ogle,Inc.has decided to sell a new chemical.Before selling the chemical,Ogle must register it with the EPA.

Under the Endangered Species Act,what federal agency is responsible for preparing a list of species that are in danger of becoming extinct?

A Japanese company operates a ship called the Kinia.If the Kinia sails in U.S.waters,it must comply with the standards set by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.

The EPA brought an administrative action against Boch Industries for violating the Clean Air Act.The administrative law judge ruled in the EPA's favor.Boch Industries:

Which of the following Acts sets goals without regard to the cost involved in meeting the goals?

The United States has ____ percent of the world's population and consumes about ____ percent of the world's energy.

Coastal City Power Plant received its annual sulfur dioxide emission allowance.Because it is using a low-sulfur fuel which burns cleaner than some fuels,it does not need its entire allowance this year.Coastal:

We Care,a nonprofit environmental organization,believes that Quanaco is violating the Clean Air Act.The EPA has not taken any action against Quanaco.We Care can file a citizens' suit against Quanaco,but not against the EPA.

In 2009,the EPA:

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