Question 1

According to the original learned helplessness model,depression begins when people

Accepted Answer

A) fail at some important task. 
B) experience an inability to control important events in their lives. 
C) have a series of aversive experiences. 
D) lose their motivation to work. 
A) fail at some important task. 
B) experience an inability to control important events in their lives. 
C) have a series of aversive experiences. 
D) lose their motivation to work.

Question 2

The original learned helplessness experiments placed dogs in a harness where they were exposed to electric shocks. Later,the dogs were placed in a shuttle-box where they experienced more shocks. The dogs that exhibited learned helplessness

Accepted Answer

A) quickly learned to escape the shocks in a shuttle-box. 
B) failed to escape the shocks in the shuttle-box. 
C) escaped the shocks in the shuttle-box, but only after several trials. 
D) escaped the shuttle-box shocks, but then showed signs of helplessness. 
A) quickly learned to escape the shocks in a shuttle-box. 
B) failed to escape the shocks in the shuttle-box. 
C) escaped the shocks in the shuttle-box, but only after several trials. 
D) escaped the shuttle-box shocks, but then showed signs of helplessness.

Question 3

Femininity is associated with happiness in relationships. Researchers explain this finding in terms of each of the following except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Feminine people are better able than masculine people to express their feelings. 
B) Feminine people are better able than masculine people to understand the feelings of others. 
C) Feminine people communicate better than masculine people. 
D) Feminine people assert themselves in relationships more often than masculine people. 
A) Feminine people are better able than masculine people to express their feelings. 
B) Feminine people are better able than masculine people to understand the feelings of others. 
C) Feminine people communicate better than masculine people. 
D) Feminine people assert themselves in relationships more often than masculine people.

Question 4

A person typed as masculine is

Accepted Answer

A) high on the androgyny scale and low on femininity. 
B) low on masculinity and high on androgyny. 
C) high on masculinity and low on femininity. 
D) low on masculinity and high on congruence. 
A) high on the androgyny scale and low on femininity. 
B) low on masculinity and high on androgyny. 
C) high on masculinity and low on femininity. 
D) low on masculinity and high on congruence.

Question 5

In one study,policies and procedures were changed for some elderly residents.Which change seemed to have the most beneficial effects on the residents?

Accepted Answer

A) Having the staff do many of the residents' daily chores and responsibilities for them 
B) Explaining to the residents how the staff would now take care of their problems 
C) Explaining to the residents that they have earned their rest and should enjoy it 
D) Emphasizing to the residents that they have more control over how things are run than they may have realized 
A) Having the staff do many of the residents' daily chores and responsibilities for them 
B) Explaining to the residents how the staff would now take care of their problems 
C) Explaining to the residents that they have earned their rest and should enjoy it 
D) Emphasizing to the residents that they have more control over how things are run than they may have realized

Question 6

We would expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model if the model

Accepted Answer

A) is declared a hero and rewarded. 
B) has engaged in behavior that is justified. 
C) is punished for the aggressive behavior. 
D) does something the child likes. 
A) is declared a hero and rewarded. 
B) has engaged in behavior that is justified. 
C) is punished for the aggressive behavior. 
D) does something the child likes.

Question 7

From your study of the textbook,with which of the following concepts is Rotter associated?

Accepted Answer

A) Learned helplessness 
B) Observational learning of aggression 
C) Classical conditioning 
D) Locus of control 
A) Learned helplessness 
B) Observational learning of aggression 
C) Classical conditioning 
D) Locus of control

Question 8

Vicki thinks that whether people make a lot of friends depends on the kind of job a person happens to get and the kinds of people who happen to move into the person's neighborhood.A personality researcher would probably classify Vicki as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) internal. 
B) external. 
C) pessimist. 
D) introvert. 
A) internal. 
B) external. 
C) pessimist. 
D) introvert.

Question 9

According to the androgyny model,a woman is most well adjusted if she is

Accepted Answer

A) masculine. 
B) feminine. 
C) androgynous. 
D) undifferentiated. 
A) masculine. 
B) feminine. 
C) androgynous. 
D) undifferentiated.

Question 10

Studies of achievement have shown that externals

Accepted Answer

A) perform better on academic tests than internals in elementary school. 
B) get better grades than internals in college. 
C) receive lower scores on achievement tests in high school. 
D) all of these 
A) perform better on academic tests than internals in elementary school. 
B) get better grades than internals in college. 
C) receive lower scores on achievement tests in high school. 
D) all of these

Question 11

Which of the following inventories is among the more popular ones for gender-role research?

Accepted Answer

A) Bem Sex Role Inventory 
B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 
C) Rotter Androgyny Scale 
D) Both a and b 
A) Bem Sex Role Inventory 
B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 
C) Rotter Androgyny Scale 
D) Both a and b

Question 12

All of the following statements are reasons why the most preferable partners in romantic relationships who are feminine or androgynous people except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more romantic. 
B) They are more controlled and quiet. 
C) They are easy to talk to. 
D) They have greater ability to resolve disputes. 
A) They are more romantic. 
B) They are more controlled and quiet. 
C) They are easy to talk to. 
D) They have greater ability to resolve disputes.

Question 13

According to recent research,being married to someone who has feminine characteristics is indicative of an unhappy marriage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Research on locus of control was developed out of Rotter's concept of generalized expectancies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to Bandura's model,children can learn aggressive behaviors even when they

Accepted Answer

A) do not pay attention to the model's behavior. 
B) do not remember the model's behavior. 
C) are not rewarded for engaging in the behavior. 
D) do not notice the model's behavior. 
A) do not pay attention to the model's behavior. 
B) do not remember the model's behavior. 
C) are not rewarded for engaging in the behavior. 
D) do not notice the model's behavior.

Question 16

Todd is having difficulty at work and has failed to please his boss on each of the last three projects he has been assigned.He begins to feel as if there is nothing he can do to turn things around.Soon,he starts to feel there is also nothing he can do about some of the difficulties he has been having with members of his family.He starts to act withdrawn and unmotivated most of the time.Todd seems to be suffering from

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety. 
B) low self-esteem. 
C) low achievement motivation. 
D) learned helplessness. 
A) anxiety. 
B) low self-esteem. 
C) low achievement motivation. 
D) learned helplessness.

Question 17

Researchers investigating the observational learning of gender-role behaviors find that boys imitate male models instead of female models

Accepted Answer

A) as soon as they develop an identity as a male. 
B) after they noticed that a certain behavior is performed more by one gender than the other. 
C) more often than girls imitate female models. 
D) but that the opposite is not found for girls. 
A) as soon as they develop an identity as a male. 
B) after they noticed that a certain behavior is performed more by one gender than the other. 
C) more often than girls imitate female models. 
D) but that the opposite is not found for girls.

Question 18

Which of the following has research found to be true of internals?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more likely to complete their college degree than externals. 
B) They are more ambitious than externals. 
C) They show higher levels of performance in the workplace. 
D) All of these 
A) They are more likely to complete their college degree than externals. 
B) They are more ambitious than externals. 
C) They show higher levels of performance in the workplace. 
D) All of these

Question 19

Describe the general processes by which gender-role behaviors are acquired,including a definition of the masculinity-femininity construct. Describe the behavior of two people you know,one male and one female,who seem to cross traditional gender roles. Include examples of behavior that illustrate this reversal and give one explanation for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the general processes by which gender-role...

Question 20

Children in one study were given an opportunity to imitate an aggressive model after watching a videotape of the model.The researchers found that the aggressive behavior was most likely to be imitated when the

Accepted Answer

A) experimenter was out of the room. 
B) children had not been frustrated earlier. 
C) aggression was performed with a toy the child liked. 
D) model was a male. 
A) experimenter was out of the room. 
B) children had not been frustrated earlier. 
C) aggression was performed with a toy the child liked. 
D) model was a male.

According to the original learned helplessness model,depression begins when people

The original learned helplessness experiments placed dogs in a harness where they were exposed to electric shocks. Later,the dogs were placed in a shuttle-box where they experienced more shocks. The dogs that exhibited learned helplessness

Femininity is associated with happiness in relationships. Researchers explain this finding in terms of each of the following except one. Which one?

A person typed as masculine is

In one study,policies and procedures were changed for some elderly residents.Which change seemed to have the most beneficial effects on the residents?

We would expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model if the model

From your study of the textbook,with which of the following concepts is Rotter associated?

Vicki thinks that whether people make a lot of friends depends on the kind of job a person happens to get and the kinds of people who happen to move into the person's neighborhood.A personality researcher would probably classify Vicki as a(n)

According to the androgyny model,a woman is most well adjusted if she is

Studies of achievement have shown that externals

Which of the following inventories is among the more popular ones for gender-role research?

All of the following statements are reasons why the most preferable partners in romantic relationships who are feminine or androgynous people except one. Which one?

According to recent research,being married to someone who has feminine characteristics is indicative of an unhappy marriage.

Research on locus of control was developed out of Rotter's concept of generalized expectancies.

According to Bandura's model,children can learn aggressive behaviors even when they

Researchers investigating the observational learning of gender-role behaviors find that boys imitate male models instead of female models

Which of the following has research found to be true of internals?

Children in one study were given an opportunity to imitate an aggressive model after watching a videotape of the model.The researchers found that the aggressive behavior was most likely to be imitated when the

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

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Exam 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

According to the original learned helplessness model,depression begins when people

The original learned helplessness experiments placed dogs in a harness where they were exposed to electric shocks. Later,the dogs were placed in a shuttle-box where they experienced more shocks. The dogs that exhibited learned helplessness

Femininity is associated with happiness in relationships. Researchers explain this finding in terms of each of the following except one. Which one?

A person typed as masculine is

In one study,policies and procedures were changed for some elderly residents.Which change seemed to have the most beneficial effects on the residents?

We would expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model if the model

From your study of the textbook,with which of the following concepts is Rotter associated?

Vicki thinks that whether people make a lot of friends depends on the kind of job a person happens to get and the kinds of people who happen to move into the person's neighborhood.A personality researcher would probably classify Vicki as a(n)

According to the androgyny model,a woman is most well adjusted if she is

Studies of achievement have shown that externals

Which of the following inventories is among the more popular ones for gender-role research?

All of the following statements are reasons why the most preferable partners in romantic relationships who are feminine or androgynous people except one. Which one?

According to recent research,being married to someone who has feminine characteristics is indicative of an unhappy marriage.

Research on locus of control was developed out of Rotter's concept of generalized expectancies.

According to Bandura's model,children can learn aggressive behaviors even when they

Researchers investigating the observational learning of gender-role behaviors find that boys imitate male models instead of female models

Which of the following has research found to be true of internals?

Children in one study were given an opportunity to imitate an aggressive model after watching a videotape of the model.The researchers found that the aggressive behavior was most likely to be imitated when the

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

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