Question 1

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  We disclose to other people only when we like them. 
B)  We tend to like the people we disclose to. 
C)  We tend to respond to intimate disclosure from new acquaintances with intimate disclosure about ourselves. 
D)  We tend to disclose to people we like. 
A)  We disclose to other people only when we like them. 
B)  We tend to like the people we disclose to. 
C)  We tend to respond to intimate disclosure from new acquaintances with intimate disclosure about ourselves. 
D)  We tend to disclose to people we like.

Question 2

According to Frattaroli (2006), our_________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety 
B)  well-being 
C)  disclosure reciprocity 
D)  all of these are correct 
A)  anxiety 
B)  well-being 
C)  disclosure reciprocity 
D)  all of these are correct

Question 3

Your best friend has been in a serious automobile accident. According to research on disclosure of traumatic experiences, you might suggest that your friend

Accepted Answer

A)  attempt to shut out any thoughts and feelings associated with the accident. 
B)  talk about his or her feelings with friends or a trained therapist. 
C)  avoid talking about the accident until it seems right to do so. 
D)  write down any dreams he or she has for a month. 
A)  attempt to shut out any thoughts and feelings associated with the accident. 
B)  talk about his or her feelings with friends or a trained therapist. 
C)  avoid talking about the accident until it seems right to do so. 
D)  write down any dreams he or she has for a month.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women tend to self-disclose more than men. 
B)  Men tend to self-disclose more than women. 
C)  Men and women tend to self-disclose about the same. 
D)  Men self-disclose more than women to friends, females disclose more than males to strangers. 
A)  Women tend to self-disclose more than men. 
B)  Men tend to self-disclose more than women. 
C)  Men and women tend to self-disclose about the same. 
D)  Men self-disclose more than women to friends, females disclose more than males to strangers.

Question 5

Based on what researchers have found, what advice would you have for a friend who was keeping a traumatic secret concealed from everyone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Don't talk about it unless it starts to upset you. 
B)  Find a close friend, or perhaps a professional counselor, that you can discuss this with. 
C)  As long as it's something you rarely think about, it is not likely to affect your mental or physical health. 
D)  Try thinking about something you feel good about whenever you find yourself thinking about the traumatic experience. 
A)  Don't talk about it unless it starts to upset you. 
B)  Find a close friend, or perhaps a professional counselor, that you can discuss this with. 
C)  As long as it's something you rarely think about, it is not likely to affect your mental or physical health. 
D)  Try thinking about something you feel good about whenever you find yourself thinking about the traumatic experience.

Question 6

Compared to those who score low on loneliness scales, people who score high on these scales tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  have just as many friends. 
B)  spend just as much time around other people. 
C)  enter social encounters expecting that things will not go well. 
D)  form just as good a first impression. 
A)  have just as many friends. 
B)  spend just as much time around other people. 
C)  enter social encounters expecting that things will not go well. 
D)  form just as good a first impression.

Question 7

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Accepted Answer

A)  easily blame others for the results. 
B)  work just as hard to do well on a subsequent evaluation. 
C)  distort the outcome or deny the evaluation. 
D)  begin to self-disclose at higher rates. 
A)  easily blame others for the results. 
B)  work just as hard to do well on a subsequent evaluation. 
C)  distort the outcome or deny the evaluation. 
D)  begin to self-disclose at higher rates.

Question 8

Rosa receives a low grade on her biology midterm exam. If we know that Rosa is low in self-esteem, we might expect her to

Accepted Answer

A)  work harder preparing for the next test. 
B)  blame others and make excuses for her failure. 
C)  think about the things she does well. 
D)  perform poorly on the next test. 
A)  work harder preparing for the next test. 
B)  blame others and make excuses for her failure. 
C)  think about the things she does well. 
D)  perform poorly on the next test.

Question 9

A man sitting next to you in your doctor's waiting room strikes up a conversation with you. Although you do not know this man and don't reveal much about yourself, he tells you all about some very personal aspects of his life. What might an expert on self-disclosure research say about this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unusual because people typically don't self-disclose when in an anxiety-provoking situation, such as in a doctor's office. 
B)  It is unusual because it violates society's rules for the way social interaction is supposed to progress. 
C)  It is typical of the way people use self-disclosure to get to know one another. 
D)  This is typical in that men usually disclose more than women. 
A)  It is unusual because people typically don't self-disclose when in an anxiety-provoking situation, such as in a doctor's office. 
B)  It is unusual because it violates society's rules for the way social interaction is supposed to progress. 
C)  It is typical of the way people use self-disclosure to get to know one another. 
D)  This is typical in that men usually disclose more than women.

Question 10

Based on research findings, which of the following is the most likely first topic of conversation between two people who have just met for the first time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Favorite movies 
B)  Problems with parents 
C)  Embarrassing moments in high school 
D)  Political opinions 
A)  Favorite movies 
B)  Problems with parents 
C)  Embarrassing moments in high school 
D)  Political opinions

Question 11

Suppose you have a stressful appointment for which you have not fully prepared because you want to please the people with whom you will meet. Your self-doubt comes from your constant behavior to always put your self- worth on the line. Personality psychologists would call this

Accepted Answer

A)  passive-aggressive. 
B)  an uncontrollable contingency of self-esteem. 
C)  depressed. 
D)  low need for Achievement. 
A)  passive-aggressive. 
B)  an uncontrollable contingency of self-esteem. 
C)  depressed. 
D)  low need for Achievement.

Question 12

Researchers generally conceive of "self-esteem" as how you feel about yourself. They distinguish this from "self- concept," which is

Accepted Answer

A)  what others think about you. 
B)  the kind of person you believe yourself to be. 
C)  what psychologists can determine empirically through personality tests. 
D)  the unconscious view you hold of yourself. 
A)  what others think about you. 
B)  the kind of person you believe yourself to be. 
C)  what psychologists can determine empirically through personality tests. 
D)  the unconscious view you hold of yourself.

Question 13

Research has shown that men and women are more likely to be accepted when they disclose according to appropriate gender roles in society. For men, this means

Accepted Answer

A)  withholding information for the most part. 
B)  disclosing information that is misleading or simply false. 
C)  never revealing anything about one's self. 
D)  none of these are correct. 
A)  withholding information for the most part. 
B)  disclosing information that is misleading or simply false. 
C)  never revealing anything about one's self. 
D)  none of these are correct.

Question 14

Discuss the concept of self-disclosure, giving an example of the rule of disclosure reciprocity. Explain the role self- disclosure plays in the development of friendships and romantic relationships. Specify the health benefits of disclosing traumatic experiences and the implications of self-disclosure for psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the concept of self-disclosure, giving an...

Question 15

Researchers define loneliness in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of people we come into contact with on an average day. 
B)  the amount of time we spend alone versus the amount we spend with others. 
C)  how well the amount and quality of our relationships with others satisfies our personal needs. 
D)  the number of friends we have. 
A)  the number of people we come into contact with on an average day. 
B)  the amount of time we spend alone versus the amount we spend with others. 
C)  how well the amount and quality of our relationships with others satisfies our personal needs. 
D)  the number of friends we have.

Question 16

Which of the following is a contingency of self-worth for some college students?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family support 
B)  Approval from generalized others 
C)  Competencies 
D)  All of these are correct 
A)  Family support 
B)  Approval from generalized others 
C)  Competencies 
D)  All of these are correct

Question 17

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  talk to themselves spontaneously. 
B)  make judgments about the other person's self-esteem. 
C)  talk about others more than themselves. 
D)  match each other's level of intimacy. 
A)  talk to themselves spontaneously. 
B)  make judgments about the other person's self-esteem. 
C)  talk about others more than themselves. 
D)  match each other's level of intimacy.

Question 18

For psychologists, being "lonely" is the same as being "alone."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How and why do feelings of self-worth fluctuate? Explain how contingencies of self-worth help people feel good about themselves in spite of failures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How and why do feelings of self-worth...

Question 20

People_________  continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

Accepted Answer

A)  who are low in self-esteem 
B)  who are high in self-esteem 
C)  with uncontrollable self-esteem contingencies 
D)  with stable feelings of self-worth 
A)  who are low in self-esteem 
B)  who are high in self-esteem 
C)  with uncontrollable self-esteem contingencies 
D)  with stable feelings of self-worth

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

According to Frattaroli (2006), our_________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Your best friend has been in a serious automobile accident. According to research on disclosure of traumatic experiences, you might suggest that your friend

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Based on what researchers have found, what advice would you have for a friend who was keeping a traumatic secret concealed from everyone?

Compared to those who score low on loneliness scales, people who score high on these scales tend to

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Rosa receives a low grade on her biology midterm exam. If we know that Rosa is low in self-esteem, we might expect her to

Based on research findings, which of the following is the most likely first topic of conversation between two people who have just met for the first time?

Suppose you have a stressful appointment for which you have not fully prepared because you want to please the people with whom you will meet. Your self-doubt comes from your constant behavior to always put your self- worth on the line. Personality psychologists would call this

Researchers generally conceive of "self-esteem" as how you feel about yourself. They distinguish this from "self- concept," which is

Research has shown that men and women are more likely to be accepted when they disclose according to appropriate gender roles in society. For men, this means

Researchers define loneliness in terms of

Which of the following is a contingency of self-worth for some college students?

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

For psychologists, being "lonely" is the same as being "alone."

How and why do feelings of self-worth fluctuate? Explain how contingencies of self-worth help people feel good about themselves in spite of failures.

People_________ continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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Exam 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

According to Frattaroli (2006), our_________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Your best friend has been in a serious automobile accident. According to research on disclosure of traumatic experiences, you might suggest that your friend

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Based on what researchers have found, what advice would you have for a friend who was keeping a traumatic secret concealed from everyone?

Compared to those who score low on loneliness scales, people who score high on these scales tend to

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Rosa receives a low grade on her biology midterm exam. If we know that Rosa is low in self-esteem, we might expect her to

Based on research findings, which of the following is the most likely first topic of conversation between two people who have just met for the first time?

Suppose you have a stressful appointment for which you have not fully prepared because you want to please the people with whom you will meet. Your self-doubt comes from your constant behavior to always put your self- worth on the line. Personality psychologists would call this

Researchers generally conceive of "self-esteem" as how you feel about yourself. They distinguish this from "self- concept," which is

Research has shown that men and women are more likely to be accepted when they disclose according to appropriate gender roles in society. For men, this means

Researchers define loneliness in terms of

Which of the following is a contingency of self-worth for some college students?

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

For psychologists, being "lonely" is the same as being "alone."

How and why do feelings of self-worth fluctuate? Explain how contingencies of self-worth help people feel good about themselves in spite of failures.

People_________ continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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