Question 1

Most drugs used to treat Alzheimer disease (AD) affect what system and or process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoamine oxidase reuptake systems 
B)  Serotonin and norepinephrine production 
C)  Cholinergic pathways, enzymes, and receptors 
D)  The Krebs cycle and GABA neuronal inhibition 
A)  Monoamine oxidase reuptake systems 
B)  Serotonin and norepinephrine production 
C)  Cholinergic pathways, enzymes, and receptors 
D)  The Krebs cycle and GABA neuronal inhibition C

Question 2

A 63-year-old woman says, "I want to take estrogen to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but my doctor won't prescribe it." What is the nurse's most informative response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Perhaps you should seek a second opinion.Estrogen clearly provides protection against AD." 
B)  "Most researchers now believe that estrogen is not actually deficient after menopause.It simply works in different ways." 
C)  "Most online resources indicate that estrogen provides important protection against development of AD." 
D)  "There is conflicting evidence about whether estrogen prevents Alzheimer disease, but research clearly shows cardiovascular problems with estrogen therapy." 
A)  "Perhaps you should seek a second opinion.Estrogen clearly provides protection against AD." 
B)  "Most researchers now believe that estrogen is not actually deficient after menopause.It simply works in different ways." 
C)  "Most online resources indicate that estrogen provides important protection against development of AD." 
D)  "There is conflicting evidence about whether estrogen prevents Alzheimer disease, but research clearly shows cardiovascular problems with estrogen therapy." D

Question 3

A patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is being treated with an acetylcholine (ChE) inhibitor drug.The patient develops facial flushing, sweating, and leg cramps.The nurse should attribute these symptoms to what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irreversible acetylcholinesterase stimulation 
B)  Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BCh
E)  
C)  Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus 
D)  Cytochrome P-450 system activation 
A)  Irreversible acetylcholinesterase stimulation 
B)  Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BCh
E)  
C)  Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus 
D)  Cytochrome P-450 system activation B

Question 4

Of the drugs given to treat Alzheimer disease (AD), which one has a potential to slow neurodegeneration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galantamine 
B)  Memantine 
C)  Rivastigmine 
D)  Donepezil 
A)  Galantamine 
B)  Memantine 
C)  Rivastigmine 
D)  Donepezil

Question 5

A nursing assistant reports to the nurse that a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is experiencing severe diarrhea.Administration of which classification of medication is most associated with this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  ChE inhibitor 
B)  Secretase inhibitor 
C)  NDMA antagonist 
D)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug 
A)  ChE inhibitor 
B)  Secretase inhibitor 
C)  NDMA antagonist 
D)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

Question 6

The spouse of a patient with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks, "Can you give me a simple explanation of what happened in my partner's brain?" Select the nurse's best response.

Accepted Answer

A)  "Dementia developed." 
B)  "The brain became overstimulated with chemical messages." 
C)  "Brain cells and chemical messengers that form memories are dying." 
D)  "The substantia nigra, a tissue that makes dopamine, has degenerated." 
A)  "Dementia developed." 
B)  "The brain became overstimulated with chemical messages." 
C)  "Brain cells and chemical messengers that form memories are dying." 
D)  "The substantia nigra, a tissue that makes dopamine, has degenerated."

Question 7

An adult says, "I take provastatin for my high cholesterol.It will prevent stroke and heart attack." What is the nurse's most informative response regarding the effects of this classification of drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  "That's correct.I'm glad to see you taking such good care of yourself." 
B)  "There is limited research-based evidence of the effectiveness of statin medications." 
C)  "Some research indicates that statin drugs may also interfere with development of Alzheimer disease (A
D) ." 
D)  "Perhaps you should discuss your family history with your doctor.Statin drugs may cause early development of Alzheimer disease (A
D) ." 
A)  "That's correct.I'm glad to see you taking such good care of yourself." 
B)  "There is limited research-based evidence of the effectiveness of statin medications." 
C)  "Some research indicates that statin drugs may also interfere with development of Alzheimer disease (A
D) ." 
D)  "Perhaps you should discuss your family history with your doctor.Statin drugs may cause early development of Alzheimer disease (A
D) ."

Question 8

The family of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks the nurse, "How can drugs help our parent?" Which reply provides the most realistic expectations for medication therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Unfortunately, drugs are not helpful." 
B)  "Drugs are available to stop the disease process." 
C)  "Drugs can help preserve mental abilities for a time." 
D)  "We will teach you ways of helping your parent adjust." 
A)  "Unfortunately, drugs are not helpful." 
B)  "Drugs are available to stop the disease process." 
C)  "Drugs can help preserve mental abilities for a time." 
D)  "We will teach you ways of helping your parent adjust."

Question 9

What is the most realistic short-term goal for the care of a patient with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) who takes donepezil?

Accepted Answer

A)  To maintain present cognitive ability 
B)  To show improved cognitive ability 
C)  To engage effectively in abstract thinking 
D)  To consistently communicate clearly 
A)  To maintain present cognitive ability 
B)  To show improved cognitive ability 
C)  To engage effectively in abstract thinking 
D)  To consistently communicate clearly

Question 10

An adult says, "I take vitamins B and E to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but these vitamins are so expensive." What is the nurse's most informative response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Yes, these vitamins are very expensive, but it is money well spent to prevent AD." 
B)  "There is conflicting research evidence about effectiveness of these vitamins for prevention of AD." 
C)  "Most researchers now believe that preventing anemia is more important than taking vitamins to prevent AD." 
D)  "Aspirin is much cheaper.You should take it instead if you want to prevent AD." 
A)  "Yes, these vitamins are very expensive, but it is money well spent to prevent AD." 
B)  "There is conflicting research evidence about effectiveness of these vitamins for prevention of AD." 
C)  "Most researchers now believe that preventing anemia is more important than taking vitamins to prevent AD." 
D)  "Aspirin is much cheaper.You should take it instead if you want to prevent AD."

Question 11

Which statement by a family member of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) demonstrates that medication education was effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The medication affects glutamate receptors and will stabilize late-stage dementia." 
B)  "The medication inhibits the action of dopamine and will restore short-term memory." 
C)  "The medication offers no positive effects on performance of activities of daily living." 
D)  "The medication inhibits breakdown of an important neurotransmitter and may slow disease progression." 
A)  "The medication affects glutamate receptors and will stabilize late-stage dementia." 
B)  "The medication inhibits the action of dopamine and will restore short-term memory." 
C)  "The medication offers no positive effects on performance of activities of daily living." 
D)  "The medication inhibits breakdown of an important neurotransmitter and may slow disease progression."

Question 12

Which receptors carry out primary functions of the parasympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA 
B)  COX-1 
C)  COX-2 
D)  Nicotinic 
E)  Muscarinic 
A)  NMDA 
B)  COX-1 
C)  COX-2 
D)  Nicotinic 
E)  Muscarinic

Question 13

An adult tells the nurse, "I'm taking large doses of vitamin B.I read that it prevents Alzheimer disease (AD), but I don't understand how it works." Which statements would be applicable as the nurse responds to the individual? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  "Research has not proven the effectiveness of B vitamins in Alzheimer prevention." 
B)  "B vitamins lower the amino acid homocysteine, which is associated with a lower incidence of AD." 
C)  "A favorable response occurs when these vitamins block NMDA." 
D)  "B vitamins may reduce risk of AD by lowering cholesterol levels." 
E)  "B vitamins reduce the body's inflammatory response." 
A)  "Research has not proven the effectiveness of B vitamins in Alzheimer prevention." 
B)  "B vitamins lower the amino acid homocysteine, which is associated with a lower incidence of AD." 
C)  "A favorable response occurs when these vitamins block NMDA." 
D)  "B vitamins may reduce risk of AD by lowering cholesterol levels." 
E)  "B vitamins reduce the body's inflammatory response."

Question 14

A nurse explains galantamine therapy to family members of a patient who is to begin treatment with the drug.What information should be included? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Facial flushing and leg cramps might worsen. 
B)  It acts by making more dopamine available. 
C)  Report slow heartbeat immediately. 
D)  Restrict fluid intake to 1500 mL/day. 
E)  Side effects include GI symptoms. 
A)  Facial flushing and leg cramps might worsen. 
B)  It acts by making more dopamine available. 
C)  Report slow heartbeat immediately. 
D)  Restrict fluid intake to 1500 mL/day. 
E)  Side effects include GI symptoms.

Question 15

A patient takes donepezil for Alzheimer disease (AD).Vital signs for this patient are: temperature 98.2°F; blood pressure 135/82 mm Hg; pulse 54 beats/min; respirations 18 breaths/min.Which variance should the nurse consider most likely attributable to donepezil therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature 
B)  Blood pressure 
C)  Pulse rate 
D)  Respiratory rate 
A)  Temperature 
B)  Blood pressure 
C)  Pulse rate 
D)  Respiratory rate

Exam 18: Antidementia Drugs

Most drugs used to treat Alzheimer disease (AD) affect what system and or process?

A 63-year-old woman says, "I want to take estrogen to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but my doctor won't prescribe it." What is the nurse's most informative response?

A patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is being treated with an acetylcholine (ChE) inhibitor drug.The patient develops facial flushing, sweating, and leg cramps.The nurse should attribute these symptoms to what process?

Of the drugs given to treat Alzheimer disease (AD), which one has a potential to slow neurodegeneration?

A nursing assistant reports to the nurse that a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is experiencing severe diarrhea.Administration of which classification of medication is most associated with this problem?

The spouse of a patient with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks, "Can you give me a simple explanation of what happened in my partner's brain?" Select the nurse's best response.

An adult says, "I take provastatin for my high cholesterol.It will prevent stroke and heart attack." What is the nurse's most informative response regarding the effects of this classification of drugs?

The family of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks the nurse, "How can drugs help our parent?" Which reply provides the most realistic expectations for medication therapy?

What is the most realistic short-term goal for the care of a patient with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) who takes donepezil?

An adult says, "I take vitamins B and E to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but these vitamins are so expensive." What is the nurse's most informative response?

Which statement by a family member of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) demonstrates that medication education was effective?

Which receptors carry out primary functions of the parasympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply.)

An adult tells the nurse, "I'm taking large doses of vitamin B.I read that it prevents Alzheimer disease (AD), but I don't understand how it works." Which statements would be applicable as the nurse responds to the individual? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse explains galantamine therapy to family members of a patient who is to begin treatment with the drug.What information should be included? (Select all that apply.)

A patient takes donepezil for Alzheimer disease (AD).Vital signs for this patient are: temperature 98.2°F; blood pressure 135/82 mm Hg; pulse 54 beats/min; respirations 18 breaths/min.Which variance should the nurse consider most likely attributable to donepezil therapy?

Med, Meds, Milieu

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Models for Working With Psychiatric Patients

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Introduction to Psychotropic Drugs

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