Exam 17: Multiple Regression

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In a multiple regression analysis, there are 20 data points and 4 independent variables, and the sum of the squared differences between observed and predicted values of y is 180.The standard error of estimate will be:

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Multicollinearity is present when there is a high degree of correlation between the independent variables included in the regression model.

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The Durbin-Watson d statistic is used to check the assumption of normality.

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What percentage of the variability in house size is explained by this model? ANOVA Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What percentage of the variability in house size is explained by this model? Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What percentage of the variability in house size is explained by this model? -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What percentage of the variability in house size is explained by this model?

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A multiple regression model has:

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Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x1 is the number of lectures skipped, x2 is the number of late assignments, and x3 is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you?

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Life Expectancy An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians, she collected the age at death (y), the average number of hours of exercise per week (x1), the cholesterol level (x2), and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x3).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x1 - 0.021x2 -0.061x3 Life Expectancy An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians, she collected the age at death (y), the average number of hours of exercise per week (x<sub>1</sub>), the cholesterol level (x<sub>2</sub>), and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x<sub>3</sub>).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x<sub>1</sub> - 0.021x<sub>2</sub> -0.061x<sub>3</sub>      ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Life Expectancy Narrative} Is there enough evidence at the 1% significance level to infer that the average number of hours of exercise per week and the age at death are linearly related? Life Expectancy An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians, she collected the age at death (y), the average number of hours of exercise per week (x<sub>1</sub>), the cholesterol level (x<sub>2</sub>), and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x<sub>3</sub>).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x<sub>1</sub> - 0.021x<sub>2</sub> -0.061x<sub>3</sub>      ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Life Expectancy Narrative} Is there enough evidence at the 1% significance level to infer that the average number of hours of exercise per week and the age at death are linearly related? ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Life Expectancy An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians, she collected the age at death (y), the average number of hours of exercise per week (x<sub>1</sub>), the cholesterol level (x<sub>2</sub>), and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x<sub>3</sub>).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x<sub>1</sub> - 0.021x<sub>2</sub> -0.061x<sub>3</sub>      ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Life Expectancy Narrative} Is there enough evidence at the 1% significance level to infer that the average number of hours of exercise per week and the age at death are linearly related? -{Life Expectancy Narrative} Is there enough evidence at the 1% significance level to infer that the average number of hours of exercise per week and the age at death are linearly related?

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT  Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which all explanatory variables are significant individually:  \alpha = .01, .05, .10, or .15? ANOVA  Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which all explanatory variables are significant individually:  \alpha = .01, .05, .10, or .15?  Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which all explanatory variables are significant individually:  \alpha = .01, .05, .10, or .15? -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which all explanatory variables are significant individually: α\alpha = .01, .05, .10, or .15?

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____________________ is a condition that exists when independent variables are correlated with one another.

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Most statistical software print a second R2 statistic, called the coefficient of determination adjusted for degrees of freedom, which has been adjusted to take into account the sample size and the number of independent variables.

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Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x1 is the number of lectures skipped, x2 is the number of late assignments, and x3 is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you? -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination? What does this statistic tell you?

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In multiple regression, the standard error of estimate is defined by In multiple regression, the standard error of estimate is defined by   , where n is the sample size and k is the number of independent variables. , where n is the sample size and k is the number of independent variables.

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Suppose the builder wants to test whether the coefficient on education is significantly different from 0.What is the value of the relevant t-statistic? ANOVA Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Suppose the builder wants to test whether the coefficient on education is significantly different from 0.What is the value of the relevant t-statistic? Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Suppose the builder wants to test whether the coefficient on education is significantly different from 0.What is the value of the relevant t-statistic? -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Suppose the builder wants to test whether the coefficient on education is significantly different from 0.What is the value of the relevant t-statistic?

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Small values of the Durbin-Watson statistic d (d < 2) indicate a negative first-order autocorrelation.

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Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related? , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x1 is the number of lectures skipped, x2 is the number of late assignments, and x3 is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related? Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related? ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Student's Final Grade A statistics professor investigated some of the factors that affect an individual student's final grade in her course.She proposed the multiple regression model   , where y is the final grade (out of 100 points), x<sub>1</sub> is the number of lectures skipped, x<sub>2</sub> is the number of late assignments, and x<sub>3</sub> is the midterm exam score (out of 100).The professor recorded the data for 50 randomly selected students.The computer output is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS       ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE    -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related? -{Student's Final Grade Narrative} Does this data provide enough evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that the final grade and the midterm exam score are positively linearly related?

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance, what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of income in the regression model? ANOVA Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance, what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of income in the regression model? Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income, family size, and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet, income is measured in thousands of dollars, and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT    ANOVA      -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance, what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of income in the regression model? -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance, what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of income in the regression model?

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If a group of independent variables are not significant individually but are significant as a group at a specified level of significance, this is most likely due to:

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A multiple regression model involves 10 independent variables and 30 observations.If we want to test at the 5% significance level whether one of the coefficients is = 0 (vs. ≠\neq 0) the critical value will be:

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If the value of the Durbin-Watson statistic d is small (d < 2), this indicates a(n) ____________________ (positive/negative) first-order autocorrelation exists.

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The range of the values of the Durbin-Watson statistic d is:

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