Exam 13: Social Cognition

The Sally-Anne task is used to test whether someone

What did Ami Klin find when autistic people watched the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

The self-referent effect refers to the phenomenon that

Which term describes the deficits associated with autism?

Stanley Klein and colleagues found that after rating a personality adjective for self-descriptiveness, participants were to recall a time in which they exhibited the characteristic, suggesting that self-characteristics linked to recall of specific past behaviors.

People with orbitofrontal damage show difficulty with which types of tasks? Describe their symptoms. How are they different from children with autism?

Baron-Cohen has proposed that people with have impaired theory-of-mind abilities, coining the term mindblindness.

Functional MRI studies of ethical dilemmas suggest that decisions recruit working memory processes, whereas decisions recruit emotional and social cognitive processes.

The most salient symptom in people who have suffered damage to the orbitofrontal cortex is

In an experiment by William Kelley and colleagues, participants judged personality adjectives in relation to either themselves or the US president. The results suggested that memory for words processed in relation to the self was than that for words processed in relation to the US president, and that the former condition resulted in greater neural activity in the cortex.

When deciding whether an adjective describes , we rely on .

Which brain area seems to be the most important for selectively attending to positive self-relevant information, as opposed to negative self-relevant information?

The trolley problem described in your text has many variations. One of them goes as follows: "You are a surgeon and have five patients who each need a different organ transplant. No acceptable donor for any of them can be found, until one day a healthy traveler comes into your office and is the perfect donor for all five patients. Are there any circumstances under which it would be morally acceptable to kill this person to save the lives of five others?" Based on the study of Greene and colleagues, which areas of your brain did you likely use when thinking about this ethical dilemma?

The anterior cingulate cortex is important for distinguishing positive self-relevant information from negative self-relevant information.

Neuroimaging studies suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex activates more relative to a baseline when people make self-referential judgments than when they make other kinds of judgments.

Single-cell recording studies in monkeys and human neuroimaging studies support the idea that the is important for interpreting eye gaze in relation to mental states.

Which of the following resulted in the significant personality changes observed in Phineas Gage?

Studies of the neural bases of autism have found that people with autism

Phineas Gage was a famous neurological patient who suffered damage to the orbitofrontal cortex.

In a teasing experiment, people with orbitofrontal injuries and control participants were asked to make up nicknames for an experimenter whom they did not know well. What were the results?