Exam 12: Cognitive Control

Which patient group is most likely to be impaired on a task in which one must decide which of two pictures was seen most recently?

Although the prefrontal cortex is not essential for working memory, it is particularly important for the storage of associative knowledge.

A monkey that has previously received a lesion in the lateral prefrontal cortex is shown two food wells, each of which is covered by a marked stimulus card: As the monkey watches, a food reward is placed into the left well and then both wells are covered. If the monkey is now allowed to retrieve the food reward immediately, it will

Appropriate goal-oriented behavior is typically described as stimulus-driven.

In the task-switching experiment between a digit task and a letter task, a digit or letter response was indicated by a word or by a color. Which of these conditions was particularly problematic when switching between digits and letters for frontal lobe patients?

Which of the following situations would be most likely to engage the anterior cingulate cortex?

Neuroimaging experiments have demonstrated that working memory engages the

Is there more than one decision system? Provide evidence to support your view

A person who has difficulty with "recency memory" tasks would have the most difficulty with which of the following?

The error-related negativity ERN) has been localized to the anterior cingulate cortex.

Describe the supervisory attentional system. What brain area is thought to be involved? Describe neuroimaging studies that support your view.

John is unable to carry on the most rudimentary conversations. Whenever someone changes the subject he persists on the same topic for several minutes. Eventually, people simply leave him alone talking to himself. John has

You are driving in a car. Which of the following stops will require the most working memory?

Which of the following is NOT a gradient along which the prefrontal cortex is organized?

The information that you are currently thinking about, perceiving, or using to guide responding is held in this type of memory store.

Prediction error is NOT correlated with which of the following:

A monkey is taught that food is associated with a stimulus card that has a star on it. After training, the animal receives a lesion to the lateral prefrontal cortex. The monkey's memory for the food-stimulus card association is then tested by presenting the animal with the two stimulus cards diagrammed here. How will the monkey now respond?

Thompson-Schill and colleagues 1997, 1998) conducted an experiment in which participants generated an appropriate verb in response to a presented noun. They found that the processing of nouns such as rope, which have many semantically associated verbs, elicited activity in the inferior frontal cortex than did nouns such as scissors, which do not. This result supports the hypothesis of inferior frontal lobe function.

theories describe what people ought to do whereas theories describe what people actually do.

In a delayed response task, participants were asked to look at faces or scenes or engage in passive viewing. Which of the following results distinguished older adults from young adults when viewing faces relative to passive viewing?