Question 1

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Accepted Answer

A) how often a behavior occurs 
B) how quickly a behavior occurs 
C) the strength of a behavior 
D) whether the behavior was correct or in error 
A) how often a behavior occurs 
B) how quickly a behavior occurs 
C) the strength of a behavior 
D) whether the behavior was correct or in error

Question 2

Multiple baseline designs are preferred over withdrawal designs when

Accepted Answer

A) more than one subject is being tested 
B) one treatment is being compared directly with another 
C) the behavior being altered is self-destructive 
D) the behavior to be changed must be changed gradually 
A) more than one subject is being tested 
B) one treatment is being compared directly with another 
C) the behavior being altered is self-destructive 
D) the behavior to be changed must be changed gradually

Question 3

What was Skinner's attitude about applied psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) he was a strong advocate of applying operant principles 
B) he believed that operant research should be exclusively basic laboratory research until all the laws of operant conditioning were well established 
C) he was almost exclusively an applied psychologist - basic laws of conditioning did not interest him 
D) he supported it, but preferred to leave applications to non-operant psychologists 
A) he was a strong advocate of applying operant principles 
B) he believed that operant research should be exclusively basic laboratory research until all the laws of operant conditioning were well established 
C) he was almost exclusively an applied psychologist - basic laws of conditioning did not interest him 
D) he supported it, but preferred to leave applications to non-operant psychologists

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the A-B design,

Accepted Answer

A) A refers to the treatment being tested 
B) B is when the treatment is withdrawn 
C) it allows for causal conclusions to be drawn 
D) it lacks a period when the treatment is withdrawn 
A) A refers to the treatment being tested 
B) B is when the treatment is withdrawn 
C) it allows for causal conclusions to be drawn 
D) it lacks a period when the treatment is withdrawn

Question 5

A changing criterion design is built on the operant conditioning principle of

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) withdrawal 
C) extinction 
D) punishment 
A) shaping 
B) withdrawal 
C) extinction 
D) punishment

Question 6

Compared to an A-B-A design, the A-B-A-B design

Accepted Answer

A) evaluates the treatment twice 
B) withdraws the treatment twice 
C) leaves subjects exactly where they were when the study began 
D) raises more ethical problems 
A) evaluates the treatment twice 
B) withdraws the treatment twice 
C) leaves subjects exactly where they were when the study began 
D) raises more ethical problems

Question 7

According to Skinner's experimental analysis of behavior,

Accepted Answer

A) the goal is to identify the stimuli that cause each of our behaviors to occur 
B) it is important to study both how often a behavior occurs and how quickly it occurs 
C) the consequences of behavior determine the future probability of the behavior occurring again 
D) behaviors that lead to rewards do not have to be learned - they are innate 
A) the goal is to identify the stimuli that cause each of our behaviors to occur 
B) it is important to study both how often a behavior occurs and how quickly it occurs 
C) the consequences of behavior determine the future probability of the behavior occurring again 
D) behaviors that lead to rewards do not have to be learned - they are innate

Question 8

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Accepted Answer

A) the personality theorist Gordon Allport believed that case studies were only useful if they supplemented more valid methods 
B) they are of limited value because they normally concern extremely unusual persons 
C) the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D) an advantage is the lack of experimenter bias 
A) the personality theorist Gordon Allport believed that case studies were only useful if they supplemented more valid methods 
B) they are of limited value because they normally concern extremely unusual persons 
C) the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D) an advantage is the lack of experimenter bias

Question 9

Luria's mnemonist ("S.")was studied through the use of which procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) interview survey method 
B) single-subject withdrawal procedures 
C) case study procedures 
D) archival research 
A) interview survey method 
B) single-subject withdrawal procedures 
C) case study procedures 
D) archival research

Question 10

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) two or more different treatment programs 
B) two or more different individuals 
C) two or more different settings 
D) two or more different behaviors 
A) two or more different treatment programs 
B) two or more different individuals 
C) two or more different settings 
D) two or more different behaviors

Question 11

Freud's research was primarily of the _______ variety.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) observational 
C) archival 
D) interview survey 
A) case study 
B) observational 
C) archival 
D) interview survey

Question 12

Which of the following has not been a common criticism of small N designs?

Accepted Answer

A) results do not generalize beyond the treatment environment 
B) behaviors aren't defined very carefully 
C) inadequate statistical analyses 
D) unable to identify interactions easily 
A) results do not generalize beyond the treatment environment 
B) behaviors aren't defined very carefully 
C) inadequate statistical analyses 
D) unable to identify interactions easily

Question 13

Small N designs have been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A) being unable to test for interactions 
B) being unconcerned with applications 
C) using too many different dependent variables 
D) overuse of statistical analysis 
A) being unable to test for interactions 
B) being unconcerned with applications 
C) using too many different dependent variables 
D) overuse of statistical analysis

Question 14

What does it mean to say that a study fails the "individual-subject validity" test?

Accepted Answer

A) it means that sample size is too small 
B) it means that the individuals in the study do not behave as predicted by the hypothesis 
C) it means that the overall conclusion is not reflected in the behavior of individual participants 
D) it means that leakage occurred - too many of the individual participants in the study knew the true hypothesis ahead of time 
A) it means that sample size is too small 
B) it means that the individuals in the study do not behave as predicted by the hypothesis 
C) it means that the overall conclusion is not reflected in the behavior of individual participants 
D) it means that leakage occurred - too many of the individual participants in the study knew the true hypothesis ahead of time

Question 15

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

Accepted Answer

A) averaging the data from a large N study can produce results that do not reflect individual performance 
B) some populations are too small to be examined using large N methods 
C) it is impossible to avoid confounding with large N studies 
D) some studies (e.g., language learning in apes)require intense study of just a few subjects over a long period of time 
A) averaging the data from a large N study can produce results that do not reflect individual performance 
B) some populations are too small to be examined using large N methods 
C) it is impossible to avoid confounding with large N studies 
D) some studies (e.g., language learning in apes)require intense study of just a few subjects over a long period of time

Question 16

In the early years of experimental psychology (approximately 1880-1920), each of the following was true except

Accepted Answer

A) experimenters often participated as subjects in their own studies 
B) studies were more likely to have small N than large N 
C) subjects were often referred to as 'observers' 
D) replication was a problem because means were based on just two or three subjects 
A) experimenters often participated as subjects in their own studies 
B) studies were more likely to have small N than large N 
C) subjects were often referred to as 'observers' 
D) replication was a problem because means were based on just two or three subjects

Question 17

In a typical A-B-A design,

Accepted Answer

A) a baseline is measured before anything else happens 
B) treatment is put in place (
A) , then withdrawn (
B) , then reintroduced (
A)  
C) B refers to the "Baseline" phase of the study 
D) treatment effects can be evaluated twice 
A) a baseline is measured before anything else happens 
B) treatment is put in place (
A) , then withdrawn (
B) , then reintroduced (
A)  
C) B refers to the "Baseline" phase of the study 
D) treatment effects can be evaluated twice

Question 18

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

Accepted Answer

A) his explanations were criticized for not being parsimonious 
B) more than one cat was tested, with the additional cats serving a replication purpose 
C) his results were a direct contradiction of Skinner's ideas about conditioning 
D) it shows how all the early researchers had to be highly talented as apparatus builders 
A) his explanations were criticized for not being parsimonious 
B) more than one cat was tested, with the additional cats serving a replication purpose 
C) his results were a direct contradiction of Skinner's ideas about conditioning 
D) it shows how all the early researchers had to be highly talented as apparatus builders

Question 19

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

Accepted Answer

A) alternating treatments 
B) multiple baseline 
C) withdrawal 
D) changing criterion 
A) alternating treatments 
B) multiple baseline 
C) withdrawal 
D) changing criterion

Question 20

In the Dresslar study on facial vision, Dresslar and two colleagues served as subjects. How were the results handled?

Accepted Answer

A) the data for the three subjects were summarized with descriptive statistics 
B) the data for each subject were presented separately 
C) the data for subject #3 were the clearest; only these data were shown 
D) the results took the form of verbal descriptions; numbers were not used 
A) the data for the three subjects were summarized with descriptive statistics 
B) the data for each subject were presented separately 
C) the data for subject #3 were the clearest; only these data were shown 
D) the results took the form of verbal descriptions; numbers were not used

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Multiple baseline designs are preferred over withdrawal designs when

What was Skinner's attitude about applied psychology?

Which of the following is true about the A-B design,

A changing criterion design is built on the operant conditioning principle of

Compared to an A-B-A design, the A-B-A-B design

According to Skinner's experimental analysis of behavior,

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Luria's mnemonist ("S.")was studied through the use of which procedure?

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

Freud's research was primarily of the _______ variety.

Which of the following has not been a common criticism of small N designs?

Small N designs have been criticized for

What does it mean to say that a study fails the "individual-subject validity" test?

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

In the early years of experimental psychology (approximately 1880-1920), each of the following was true except

In a typical A-B-A design,

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

In the Dresslar study on facial vision, Dresslar and two colleagues served as subjects. How were the results handled?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

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Exam 12: Small N Designs

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Multiple baseline designs are preferred over withdrawal designs when

What was Skinner's attitude about applied psychology?

Which of the following is true about the A-B design,

A changing criterion design is built on the operant conditioning principle of

Compared to an A-B-A design, the A-B-A-B design

According to Skinner's experimental analysis of behavior,

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Luria's mnemonist ("S.")was studied through the use of which procedure?

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

Freud's research was primarily of the _______ variety.

Which of the following has not been a common criticism of small N designs?

Small N designs have been criticized for

What does it mean to say that a study fails the "individual-subject validity" test?

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

In the early years of experimental psychology (approximately 1880-1920), each of the following was true except

In a typical A-B-A design,

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

In the Dresslar study on facial vision, Dresslar and two colleagues served as subjects. How were the results handled?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Filters