Exam 20: DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

Recombinant DNA technology uses a number of "tools" and components. Match each of the following to its definition. -restriction enzyme

The science that involves the planned modification, insertion, or deletion of genes from the genetic makeup of an organism is called ________.

Producing transgenic animals is much easier than generating transgenic plants.

The first successful treatment of a human genetic disorder through gene therapy was with a disorder known as

During DNA replication, a(n) ________ added to a DNA template serves as the beginning site of nucleotide addition.

Transgenic bacteria are presently used to make ________ to protect from a possible infection by a disease-causing organism.

The idea of manipulating DNA through cutting and splicing, essential to the science of recombinant DNA technology, is not necessarily a new process since nature has been recombining DNA for billions of years.

The goal of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a stretch of DNA.

Gene therapy may one day be used to cure some cancers. One approach currently under investigation is to add genes for ________ that stimulate the immune system (but not apoptosis). In this way, the immune system can target the cancer cells.

Bacterial ________ DNA can be easily removed from the bacterium, modified by adding a gene of interest, and then reinserted into the bacterium to be replicated.

In recombinant DNA technology, DNA is cut at specific nucleotide sequences by ________ enzymes.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful for amplifying a small piece of DNA but is not a good technique for cloning genes because

Gene therapy is showing some promise as a technique to help treat or prevent some diseases. Researchers have focused their attention on understanding more about the process of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Discuss why the process of apoptosis in injured or aging cells may be useful for understanding or treating cancer.

Gene therapy requires that genes be transports to cells and incorporated into the cells' DNA; ________ transfer genes into human cells.

Which one of the following explanations does not describe why generating transgenic animals is more difficult than plants?

Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering to cut DNA between specific base pairs in a DNA strand, resulting in DNA segments that are then used for further study and analysis.

One of the main problems associated with treating human diseases through gene therapy is

The following are steps involved in producing recombinant DNA using human DNA and a plasmid. Which one of the following answers best reflects the proper order of these steps? 1. select bacteria that contain human DNA 2) isolate and purify DNA to be recombined 3) add DNA ligase to join human DNA with plasmid 4) cut human DNA and plasmid with restriction enzyme 5) introduce new plasmid to bacteria

Once a genetic disorder in an adult is treated successfully through gene therapy, it is highly unlikely that the person's children will inherit the gene(s) for the disease.

Gene therapy is a technique in which DNA from one species is inserted into a different species.