Question 1

Electron microscopy is a useful tool in the study of synaptic morphology. The electron microscope allowed researchers to determine that:

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles located at the end terminals of axons. 
B) neurotransmitters are located only in select hormones in the bloodstream. 
C) neurotransmitters are not chemicals, as had been previously thought. 
D) there are more than 1000 neurotransmitters in the human body. 
A) neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles located at the end terminals of axons. 
B) neurotransmitters are located only in select hormones in the bloodstream. 
C) neurotransmitters are not chemicals, as had been previously thought. 
D) there are more than 1000 neurotransmitters in the human body.

Question 2

Compared with chemical synapses, electrical synapses:

Accepted Answer

A) transmit messages faster. 
B) transmit messages more slowly. 
C) require more metabolic energy. 
D) do not require presynaptic activation. 
A) transmit messages faster. 
B) transmit messages more slowly. 
C) require more metabolic energy. 
D) do not require presynaptic activation.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of the amine subtype of small-molecule neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) glycine 
C) serotonin 
D) norepinephrine 
A) dopamine 
B) glycine 
C) serotonin 
D) norepinephrine

Question 4

_____ is a standard treatment for patients with Parkinson disease.

Accepted Answer

A) Acetylcholine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) L-dopa 
D) Dopamine 
A) Acetylcholine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) L-dopa 
D) Dopamine

Question 5

What is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the forebrain and cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

A) GABA 
B) glutamate 
C) glycine 
D) histamine 
A) GABA 
B) glutamate 
C) glycine 
D) histamine

Question 6

_____ is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized from tryptophan.

Accepted Answer

A) Dopamine 
B) L-dopa 
C) Glutamate 
D) Serotonin 
A) Dopamine 
B) L-dopa 
C) Glutamate 
D) Serotonin

Question 7

The opposite of habituation is:

Accepted Answer

A) sensitization 
B) learning 
C) regression 
D) remission 
A) sensitization 
B) learning 
C) regression 
D) remission

Question 8

Which two enzymes are involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine from acetate and choline?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl Co
A)  and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 
B) acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E)  and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl Co
A)  
C) tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine 
D) norepinephrine and dopamine 
A) acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl Co
A)  and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 
B) acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E)  and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl Co
A)  
C) tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine 
D) norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 9

Which of the following is a criterion for identifying a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) The transmitter must be synthesized in the neuron or otherwise be present in it. 
B) When the neuron is active, the transmitter must be released and must produce a response in some target. 
C) A mechanism must exist for removing the transmitter from its site of action after its work is done. 
D) All of the above are criteria for identifying a neurotransmitter. 
A) The transmitter must be synthesized in the neuron or otherwise be present in it. 
B) When the neuron is active, the transmitter must be released and must produce a response in some target. 
C) A mechanism must exist for removing the transmitter from its site of action after its work is done. 
D) All of the above are criteria for identifying a neurotransmitter.

Question 10

Define habituation. What is the synaptic basis of the habituation response?

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a form of non-associative

Question 11

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter for:

Accepted Answer

A) all skeletal motor synapses. 
B) 95 percent of skeletal motor synapses. 
C) half of skeletal motor synapses. 
D) no skeletal motor synapses. 
A) all skeletal motor synapses. 
B) 95 percent of skeletal motor synapses. 
C) half of skeletal motor synapses. 
D) no skeletal motor synapses.

Question 12

A Renshaw loop consists of:

Accepted Answer

A) an interneuron that inhibits the activity of a motor neuron. 
B) a sensory neuron that increases the activity of a motor neuron. 
C) an interneuron that increases the activity of a motor neuron. 
D) a sensory neuron that increases the activity of an interneuron. 
A) an interneuron that inhibits the activity of a motor neuron. 
B) a sensory neuron that increases the activity of a motor neuron. 
C) an interneuron that increases the activity of a motor neuron. 
D) a sensory neuron that increases the activity of an interneuron.

Question 13

_____ is the inactivation of a neurotransmitter by transporter proteins that bring the transmitter back into the presynaptic axon terminal for reuse.

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Enzymatic degradation 
C) Reuptake 
D) Neurochemical recycling 
A) Diffusion 
B) Enzymatic degradation 
C) Reuptake 
D) Neurochemical recycling

Question 14

What are transmitter-activated receptors?

Accepted Answer

Transmitter-activated receptors, also kn

Question 15

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) increased response to stimuli. 
B) decreased response to stimuli. 
C) decrease in acetylcholine. 
D) decreased response to stimuli and a decrease in acetylcholine. 
A) increased response to stimuli. 
B) decreased response to stimuli. 
C) decrease in acetylcholine. 
D) decreased response to stimuli and a decrease in acetylcholine.

Question 16

_____ synapses are terminals that have no specific target.

Accepted Answer

A) Axoextracellular 
B) Axosomatic 
C) Axodendritic 
D) Axosynaptic 
A) Axoextracellular 
B) Axosomatic 
C) Axodendritic 
D) Axosynaptic

Question 17

Describe the main class of lipid transmitters, endocannabinoids, and their effect on bodily processes.

Accepted Answer

The main class of lipid transmitters, en

Question 18

A synaptic cleft is the space between:

Accepted Answer

A) a synaptic vesicle and an axon terminal. 
B) a dendrite and an ion channel. 
C) an ion channel and an axon terminal. 
D) an axon terminal and a dendrite. 
A) a synaptic vesicle and an axon terminal. 
B) a dendrite and an ion channel. 
C) an ion channel and an axon terminal. 
D) an axon terminal and a dendrite.

Question 19

Which two neurotransmitters are synthesized from the same precursor molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) glycine and dopamine 
B) glutamate and GABA 
C) histamine and serotonin 
D) acetylcholine and glycine 
A) glycine and dopamine 
B) glutamate and GABA 
C) histamine and serotonin 
D) acetylcholine and glycine

Question 20

What are the different ways in which a neurotransmitter could become deactivated?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are chemical messenger

Electron microscopy is a useful tool in the study of synaptic morphology. The electron microscope allowed researchers to determine that:

Compared with chemical synapses, electrical synapses:

Which of the following is NOT part of the amine subtype of small-molecule neurotransmitters?

_____ is a standard treatment for patients with Parkinson disease.

What is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the forebrain and cerebellum?

_____ is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized from tryptophan.

The opposite of habituation is:

Which two enzymes are involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine from acetate and choline?

Which of the following is a criterion for identifying a neurotransmitter?

Define habituation. What is the synaptic basis of the habituation response?

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter for:

A Renshaw loop consists of:

_____ is the inactivation of a neurotransmitter by transporter proteins that bring the transmitter back into the presynaptic axon terminal for reuse.

What are transmitter-activated receptors?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with a(n):

_____ synapses are terminals that have no specific target.

Describe the main class of lipid transmitters, endocannabinoids, and their effect on bodily processes.

A synaptic cleft is the space between:

Which two neurotransmitters are synthesized from the same precursor molecule?

What are the different ways in which a neurotransmitter could become deactivated?

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior

What Is the Nervous Systems Functional Anatomy

What Are the Nervous Systems Functional Units

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior

How Do We Study the Brains Structures and Functions

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior

Why Do We Sleep and Dream

How Do We Learn and Remember

How Does the Brain Think

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves

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Exam 5: How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt

Electron microscopy is a useful tool in the study of synaptic morphology. The electron microscope allowed researchers to determine that:

Compared with chemical synapses, electrical synapses:

Which of the following is NOT part of the amine subtype of small-molecule neurotransmitters?

_____ is a standard treatment for patients with Parkinson disease.

What is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the forebrain and cerebellum?

_____ is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized from tryptophan.

The opposite of habituation is:

Which two enzymes are involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine from acetate and choline?

Which of the following is a criterion for identifying a neurotransmitter?

Define habituation. What is the synaptic basis of the habituation response?

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter for:

A Renshaw loop consists of:

_____ is the inactivation of a neurotransmitter by transporter proteins that bring the transmitter back into the presynaptic axon terminal for reuse.

What are transmitter-activated receptors?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with a(n):

_____ synapses are terminals that have no specific target.

Describe the main class of lipid transmitters, endocannabinoids, and their effect on bodily processes.

A synaptic cleft is the space between:

Which two neurotransmitters are synthesized from the same precursor molecule?

What are the different ways in which a neurotransmitter could become deactivated?

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior

What Is the Nervous Systems Functional Anatomy

What Are the Nervous Systems Functional Units

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior

How Do We Study the Brains Structures and Functions

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior

Why Do We Sleep and Dream

How Do We Learn and Remember

How Does the Brain Think

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves

Filters