Exam 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner's decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have principles and standards.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine.This would be an example of which of the following?

The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease?

All of the following are true of institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States EXCEPT:

RESEARCH STUDY 4.2: Dr.Van Ryan is a social psychologist who is curious about how clothing affects people's perceptions.Specifically, she is curious how women who wear high heels are perceived in the workplace.Does the addition of height make co-workers take them more seriously? Are women who wear high heels seen as less professional? She is considering using an experimental design where some participants are instructed to wear high heels to work for a week and some participants are instructed to wear flat shoes.Each day of the week, Dr.Van Ryan will have the women's employer and co-workers rate how competent and professional the female participant is. What is the principle of beneficence? Explain how the principle of beneficence needs to be addressed by Dr.Van Ryan as she considers conducting her study.

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report?

Which of the following has been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Explain the difference between deception through omission and deception through commission in a research study.Why would a researcher want to deceive his/her participants? Why should researchers be careful about using deception?

The principle of justice calls for a balance between and .

When determining whether a study should be conducted, we have to balance which two issues?

Why is it unethical to provide an incentive that is too large to refuse (for example, offering undergraduate students free tuition for a semester for participating in a study)?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner is deciding whether he needs to give participants a reason for waking them up several times during the night.He knows that he cannot tell them the real reason, but he is unsure whether he should deceive them (give them a false reason why he is waking them up) or provide them with no cover story at all.Which of the following issues should be considered most heavily when deciding whether to use deception?

You submit a study for approval by the institutional review board (IRB), and they tell you that written informed consent is required.Which of the following can be excluded from your informed consent document?

Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics?

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as .

Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What should be included in a debriefing?

Your professor says that researchers do not make ethical decisions alone.What does this mean?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner asks his participants to provide informed consent.Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?