Question 1

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  end Reconstruction by allowing state governments to oversee citizenship rights. 
B)  stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. 
C)  enforce the Emancipation Proclamation in the Confederate states. 
D)  increase the authority of the Freedmen's Bureau. 
E)  eliminate racial discrimination in public spaces such as hotels and theaters. 
A)  end Reconstruction by allowing state governments to oversee citizenship rights. 
B)  stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. 
C)  enforce the Emancipation Proclamation in the Confederate states. 
D)  increase the authority of the Freedmen's Bureau. 
E)  eliminate racial discrimination in public spaces such as hotels and theaters.

Question 2

Economic growth in the South was stronger in urban areas than in rural centers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Accepted Answer

A)  was proposed by border-state Democrats. 
B)  provided African-Americans with the right to vote. 
C)  defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race. 
D)  allowed states to determine essential citizenship standards. 
E)  won the support of President Andrew Johnson. 
A)  was proposed by border-state Democrats. 
B)  provided African-Americans with the right to vote. 
C)  defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race. 
D)  allowed states to determine essential citizenship standards. 
E)  won the support of President Andrew Johnson.

Question 4

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law

Accepted Answer

A)  was the first time the Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as establishing gender equality. 
B)  was a severe blow to the idea of "separate spheres" for men and women. 
C)  resulted the following year in congressional passage of the groundbreaking Legal Practice Act. 
D)  demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed. 
E)  was praised by Bradwell, who went on to become the first woman on the Illinois Supreme Court. 
A)  was the first time the Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as establishing gender equality. 
B)  was a severe blow to the idea of "separate spheres" for men and women. 
C)  resulted the following year in congressional passage of the groundbreaking Legal Practice Act. 
D)  demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed. 
E)  was praised by Bradwell, who went on to become the first woman on the Illinois Supreme Court.

Question 5

Why specifically did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail?

Accepted Answer

A)  The South had angered the North by almost surpassing its industrial productivity. 
B)  Black southerners were apathetic to equal rights. 
C)  Ex-Confederates and pre-Civil War elite returned to power. 
D)  Blacks refused to work with white politicians in the South. 
E)  From the beginning, no northerners supported his plan. 
A)  The South had angered the North by almost surpassing its industrial productivity. 
B)  Black southerners were apathetic to equal rights. 
C)  Ex-Confederates and pre-Civil War elite returned to power. 
D)  Blacks refused to work with white politicians in the South. 
E)  From the beginning, no northerners supported his plan.

Question 6

Stating that he "lived among men, not among angels," Thaddeus Stevens recognized that the Fourteenth Amendment was not perfect. Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Fourteenth Amendment. What liberties and freedoms did it extend in the nineteenth century, and to whom? How did it alter the relationship between the federal government and the states?

Accepted Answer

The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 18

Question 7

In Mississippi in 1875, white rifle clubs drilled in public and openly assaulted and murdered Republicans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials?

Accepted Answer

A)  Republicans 
B)  carpetbaggers 
C)  Redeemers 
D)  scalawags 
E)  Ulysses Grant 
A)  Republicans 
B)  carpetbaggers 
C)  Redeemers 
D)  scalawags 
E)  Ulysses Grant

Question 9

What was one of the ways in which black education evolved during Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first black colleges were established. 
B)  Only white organizations ran black schools. 
C)  It was mandatory that all black children attend school. 
D)  Religion and black education were entirely separate by law. 
E)  Only black schools supported by the federal government were permitted. 
A)  The first black colleges were established. 
B)  Only white organizations ran black schools. 
C)  It was mandatory that all black children attend school. 
D)  Religion and black education were entirely separate by law. 
E)  Only black schools supported by the federal government were permitted.

Question 10

What did the ex-slaves see as key to significantly improving their condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  getting paid pages for field work on plantations 
B)  receiving help from white northerners 
C)  getting access to higher education 
D)  leasing land in return for a share of their crops 
E)  receiving free land as their own property 
A)  getting paid pages for field work on plantations 
B)  receiving help from white northerners 
C)  getting access to higher education 
D)  leasing land in return for a share of their crops 
E)  receiving free land as their own property

Question 11

The Ku Klux Klan tended to be led by planters, merchants, and Democratic politicians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Birthright citizenship can be viewed as a rejection of associating citizenship only with whiteness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The 1873 depression strengthened the North's resolve to ensure the success of Reconstruction because the depression really hurt the South's farmers, highlighting the need for reform in the region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Defend this statement: For whites, freedom, no matter how defined, was a given, a birthright to be defended. For African-Americans, it was an open-ended process, a transformation of every aspect of their lives and of the society and culture that had sustained slavery in the first place.

Accepted Answer

The statement that "For whites, freedom,

Question 15

The Bargain of 1877

Accepted Answer

A)  formed a commission to oversee the results of the presidential election. 
B)  was not fulfilled in all its parts. 
C)  included the agreement that Hayes would put a northerner in the cabinet position of postmaster general. 
D)  radicalized black activists. 
E)  gave more power to southern Republicans. 
A)  formed a commission to oversee the results of the presidential election. 
B)  was not fulfilled in all its parts. 
C)  included the agreement that Hayes would put a northerner in the cabinet position of postmaster general. 
D)  radicalized black activists. 
E)  gave more power to southern Republicans.

Question 16

Which of the following did the Reconstruction amendments introduce?

Accepted Answer

A)  women's voting rights 
B)  segregation in public spaces 
C)  birthright citizenship 
D)  a land distribution plan 
E)  separation between church and state 
A)  women's voting rights 
B)  segregation in public spaces 
C)  birthright citizenship 
D)  a land distribution plan 
E)  separation between church and state

Question 17

The authors of the Reconstruction amendments gave the federal government the power to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer all authority in terms of citizens' rights from the nation to the states 
B)  enforce Americans' rights and act as the "custodian of freedom" 
C)  transform the Constitution into a document concerned purely with federal-state relations 
D)  pass laws to promote gender equality and the rights of Native Americans 
E)  promote racial discrimination to a greater degree than before the Civil War 
A)  transfer all authority in terms of citizens' rights from the nation to the states 
B)  enforce Americans' rights and act as the "custodian of freedom" 
C)  transform the Constitution into a document concerned purely with federal-state relations 
D)  pass laws to promote gender equality and the rights of Native Americans 
E)  promote racial discrimination to a greater degree than before the Civil War

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It abolished the principle of "birthright citizenship"-citizenship for all persons born in the United States. 
B)  It allowed states to deprive any person the right to life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 
C)  It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person. 
D)  It prevented the federal government from intervening in the states to protect the civil rights of Americans. 
E)  It guaranteed African-American men the right to vote. 
A)  It abolished the principle of "birthright citizenship"-citizenship for all persons born in the United States. 
B)  It allowed states to deprive any person the right to life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 
C)  It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person. 
D)  It prevented the federal government from intervening in the states to protect the civil rights of Americans. 
E)  It guaranteed African-American men the right to vote.

Question 19

Compared to rebels in the rest of world history's civil wars, the rebels of the defeated Confederacy were treated very harshly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Reconstruction planted the seed of a debate that would dominate the political agenda for the next half century. What was this debate about?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender equality 
B)  the division between politics and religion 
C)  the definition of the economic essence of freedom 
D)  the minimum amount of education necessary to have the right to vote 
E)  the validity of Native American treaties 
A)  gender equality 
B)  the division between politics and religion 
C)  the definition of the economic essence of freedom 
D)  the minimum amount of education necessary to have the right to vote 
E)  the validity of Native American treaties

Exam 15: What Is Freedom: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to

Economic growth in the South was stronger in urban areas than in rural centers.

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law

Why specifically did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail?

In Mississippi in 1875, white rifle clubs drilled in public and openly assaulted and murdered Republicans.

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials?

What was one of the ways in which black education evolved during Reconstruction?

What did the ex-slaves see as key to significantly improving their condition?

The Ku Klux Klan tended to be led by planters, merchants, and Democratic politicians.

Birthright citizenship can be viewed as a rejection of associating citizenship only with whiteness.

The 1873 depression strengthened the North's resolve to ensure the success of Reconstruction because the depression really hurt the South's farmers, highlighting the need for reform in the region.

Defend this statement: For whites, freedom, no matter how defined, was a given, a birthright to be defended. For African-Americans, it was an open-ended process, a transformation of every aspect of their lives and of the society and culture that had sustained slavery in the first place.

The Bargain of 1877

Which of the following did the Reconstruction amendments introduce?

The authors of the Reconstruction amendments gave the federal government the power to do which of the following?

Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Compared to rebels in the rest of world history's civil wars, the rebels of the defeated Confederacy were treated very harshly.

Reconstruction planted the seed of a debate that would dominate the political agenda for the next half century. What was this debate about?

A New World

Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660

Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750

Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763

The American Revolution, 1763-1783

The Revolution Within

Founding a Nation, 1783-1791

Securing the Republic, 1790-1815

The Market Revolution, 1800-1840

Democracy in America, 1815-1840

The Peculiar Institution

An Age of Reform, 1820-1840

A House Divided, 1840-1861

A New Birth of Freedom: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Americas Gilded Age, 1870-1890

Freedoms Boundaries, at Home and Abroad, 1890-1900

The Progressive Era, 1900-1916

Safe for Democracy: the United States and World War I, 1916-1920

From Business Culture to Great Depression: The Twenties, 1920-1932

The New Deal, 1932-1940

Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War II, 1941-1945

The United States and the Cold War, 1945-1953

An Affluent Society, 1953-1960

The Sixties, 1960-1968

The Conservative Turn, 1969-1988

From Triumph to Tragedy, 1989-2004

A Divided Nation

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