Question 1

Mapping genes by conjugation can be performed by interrupted-mating experiments in which conjugation is physically disrupted at 1-minute intervals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membrane and the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm, this organism would most likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) a prokaryote. 
B) a eukaryote. 
C) a pathogen. 
D) either a eukaryote or prokaryote. 
A) a prokaryote. 
B) a eukaryote. 
C) a pathogen. 
D) either a eukaryote or prokaryote.

Question 3

To produce a mutation in a specific E.coli gene, an engineered fragment of DNA in which sequences from each end of that gene flank an antibiotic resistance gene

Accepted Answer

A) is transformed into cells and replicates independently of the genomic DNA because it has a centromere. 
B) is transformed into cells and maintained as a plasmid. 
C) is introduced into cells and transposes into the bacterial gene. 
D) is introduced into cells and undergoes homologous recombination with the bacterial gene. 
A) is transformed into cells and replicates independently of the genomic DNA because it has a centromere. 
B) is transformed into cells and maintained as a plasmid. 
C) is introduced into cells and transposes into the bacterial gene. 
D) is introduced into cells and undergoes homologous recombination with the bacterial gene.

Question 4

Plasmids are created exclusively in research laboratories and do not occur naturally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Complementation studies can be performed in bacteria by

Accepted Answer

A) gene targeting. 
B) forming merodiploids with one copy of a bacterial gene on an F′ plasmid. 
C) forming merodiploids with two copies of a bacterial gene on F′ plasmids. 
D) forming diploids with two copies of the bacterial chromosome. 
A) gene targeting. 
B) forming merodiploids with one copy of a bacterial gene on an F′ plasmid. 
C) forming merodiploids with two copies of a bacterial gene on F′ plasmids. 
D) forming diploids with two copies of the bacterial chromosome.

Question 6

Some plasmids can replicate in several distinct species of bacteria.Frequently these plasmids have transposons carrying several different antibiotic resistance genes.In a hospital that has an outbreak of several species of bacteria each carrying resistance to three drugs (streptomycin, gentamicin, and penicillin), what is the best way to determine whether or not this resistance is due to a single shared plasmid with all three resistance genes?

Accepted Answer

A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid. 
B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that drug-sensitive cells from these same species become resistant to all three drugs when this plasmid is transformed.Confirm that the same plasmids are present in all species by sequencing the plasmid DNA. 
C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant species and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes. 
D) Isolate plasmids from one resistant species and transform a drug-sensitive strain of the other bacterial species to see if resistance occurs in the transformants. 
A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid. 
B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that drug-sensitive cells from these same species become resistant to all three drugs when this plasmid is transformed.Confirm that the same plasmids are present in all species by sequencing the plasmid DNA. 
C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant species and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes. 
D) Isolate plasmids from one resistant species and transform a drug-sensitive strain of the other bacterial species to see if resistance occurs in the transformants.

Question 7

A bacteriophage is a

Accepted Answer

A) bacterium that infects a virus. 
B) virus that infects a bacterium. 
C) particle made up of viral nucleic acid surrounded by bacterial protein. 
D) particle made up of bacterial nucleic acid surrounded by bacterial protein. 
A) bacterium that infects a virus. 
B) virus that infects a bacterium. 
C) particle made up of viral nucleic acid surrounded by bacterial protein. 
D) particle made up of bacterial nucleic acid surrounded by bacterial protein.

Question 8

Two F+ E.coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Strr Thr+ and the other is Genr Thr−.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only (not threonine)and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) transformation 
B) conjugation 
C) transduction 
D) electroporation 
A) transformation 
B) conjugation 
C) transduction 
D) electroporation

Question 9

In transduction, the DNA is being moved between the two cells by

Accepted Answer

A) a third bacterial cell. 
B) a phage. 
C) transposons. 
D) membrane bound transport proteins. 
A) a third bacterial cell. 
B) a phage. 
C) transposons. 
D) membrane bound transport proteins.

Question 10

The episome in an Hfr strain is inserted near the trp (tryptophan operon)locus.This Hfr strain is grown with an F- Trp- strain.From this mating, we isolate an F+ Trp+ strain that can readily impart the Trp+ phenotype to F- Trp- strains, but no other traits are ever transferred.(When the original Hfr strain is mated with F− strains, traits other than Trp+ can be transferred, although at lower frequency than Trp+. )What most likely has happened?

Accepted Answer

A) An F′ trp+ plasmid has been generated. 
B) Mutation occurred. 
C) Transduction occurred. 
D) Transformation occurred. 
A) An F′ trp+ plasmid has been generated. 
B) Mutation occurred. 
C) Transduction occurred. 
D) Transformation occurred.

Question 11

Horizontal gene transfer

Accepted Answer

A) can accelerate evolution of a species. 
B) can inhibit evolution of a species. 
C) has no role in evolution. 
D) has a role in evolution only if the gene transfer is to a different species. 
A) can accelerate evolution of a species. 
B) can inhibit evolution of a species. 
C) has no role in evolution. 
D) has a role in evolution only if the gene transfer is to a different species.

Question 12

Three genes (X, Y, and Z)are in the same region of a bacterial chromosome.To determine the order of these genes, you infect X− Y− Z− cells with a lysate from wild-type cells infected with a generalized transducing phage.When X+ cells are selected, 70% of cells are also Y+ and 5% of cells are Z+.When Y+ cells are selected, 68% of cells are also X+ and 1% are Z+.What is the relative arrangement of the three genes?

Accepted Answer

A) Z is in the middle, but closer to X. 
B) Y is in the middle, but closer to Z. 
C) X is in the middle, but closer to Y. 
D) X is in the middle, but closer to Z. 
A) Z is in the middle, but closer to X. 
B) Y is in the middle, but closer to Z. 
C) X is in the middle, but closer to Y. 
D) X is in the middle, but closer to Z.

Question 13

Penicillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of a transpeptidase. 
B) inhibiting synthesis of NAM. 
C) inhibiting synthesis of NAG. 
D) inhibiting transport of NAG and NAM past the permeable membrane. 
A) inhibition of a transpeptidase. 
B) inhibiting synthesis of NAM. 
C) inhibiting synthesis of NAG. 
D) inhibiting transport of NAG and NAM past the permeable membrane.

Question 14

What would happen if a transposon were to integrate into the replication origin of the bacterial genome?

Accepted Answer

A) The transposon would be replicated with the genome. 
B) The transposon would "jump" immediately to another location. 
C) The transposon would inactivate the replication origin, so no DNA replication would be possible. 
D) The transposon would express its genes constitutively. 
A) The transposon would be replicated with the genome. 
B) The transposon would "jump" immediately to another location. 
C) The transposon would inactivate the replication origin, so no DNA replication would be possible. 
D) The transposon would express its genes constitutively.

Question 15

What is a property of a pathogenic bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) It may produce a protein that interferes with basic cellular functions. 
B) All strains of the same species are also pathogenic. 
C) It probably conducts photosynthesis. 
D) It is resistant to all antibiotics. 
A) It may produce a protein that interferes with basic cellular functions. 
B) All strains of the same species are also pathogenic. 
C) It probably conducts photosynthesis. 
D) It is resistant to all antibiotics.

Mapping genes by conjugation can be performed by interrupted-mating experiments in which conjugation is physically disrupted at 1-minute intervals.

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membrane and the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm, this organism would most likely be classified as

To produce a mutation in a specific E.coli gene, an engineered fragment of DNA in which sequences from each end of that gene flank an antibiotic resistance gene

Plasmids are created exclusively in research laboratories and do not occur naturally.

Complementation studies can be performed in bacteria by

A bacteriophage is a

Two F⁺^E.coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Str^r Thr⁺ and the other is Gen^r Thr⁻.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only (not threonine)and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

In transduction, the DNA is being moved between the two cells by

Horizontal gene transfer

Penicillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

What would happen if a transposon were to integrate into the replication origin of the bacterial genome?

What is a property of a pathogenic bacterium?

Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 14: Bacterial Genetics

Mapping genes by conjugation can be performed by interrupted-mating experiments in which conjugation is physically disrupted at 1-minute intervals.

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membrane and the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm, this organism would most likely be classified as

To produce a mutation in a specific E.coli gene, an engineered fragment of DNA in which sequences from each end of that gene flank an antibiotic resistance gene

Plasmids are created exclusively in research laboratories and do not occur naturally.

Complementation studies can be performed in bacteria by

A bacteriophage is a

Two F+ E.coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Strr Thr+ and the other is Genr Thr−.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only (not threonine)and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

In transduction, the DNA is being moved between the two cells by

Horizontal gene transfer

Penicillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

What would happen if a transposon were to integrate into the replication origin of the bacterial genome?

What is a property of a pathogenic bacterium?

Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Two F⁺^E.coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Str^r Thr⁺ and the other is Gen^r Thr⁻.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only (not threonine)and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?