Question 1

When Talarico and Rubin (2003) studied students' memories of 9/11, they found that the students:

Accepted Answer

A)  remembered fewer details as time went on. 
B)  forgot some things but didn't change any of their memories. 
C)  had consistently high recall over time. 
D)  completely changed what they recalled when questioned weeks later. 
A)  remembered fewer details as time went on. 
B)  forgot some things but didn't change any of their memories. 
C)  had consistently high recall over time. 
D)  completely changed what they recalled when questioned weeks later.

Question 2

Describe the basic procedure involved in creating a conditioned emotional response.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Question 3

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C)  people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D)  people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
A)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C)  people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D)  people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD.

Question 4

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab) have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The effect is a mild f

Question 5

If one hears a cracking twig in the forest at night, which part of amygdala is responsible for causing one's heart rate to increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lateral nucleus 
B)  the central nucleus 
C)  the basolateral nucleus 
D)  the medial prefrontal area 
A)  the lateral nucleus 
B)  the central nucleus 
C)  the basolateral nucleus 
D)  the medial prefrontal area

Question 6

Imagine one is walking through a dark alley alone at night and one hears a sudden noise that subsequently turns out to be just a cat. Describe the neural pathways along which this information travels, including one's auditory system (hearing the sound), the initial fear response, and the subsequent realization that there is no danger.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Trace the in

Question 7

Physiological responses that correlate with the emotion of fear:

Accepted Answer

A)  are present in humans but not in nonhuman animals. 
B)  prove the existence of emotions in nonhuman animals. 
C)  are consistent with the existence of emotions in nonhuman animals. 
D)  are very different in humans than in nonhuman animals. 
A)  are present in humans but not in nonhuman animals. 
B)  prove the existence of emotions in nonhuman animals. 
C)  are consistent with the existence of emotions in nonhuman animals. 
D)  are very different in humans than in nonhuman animals.

Question 8

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  motor 
C)  conscious 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  physiological 
B)  motor 
C)  conscious 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The types of emotional reactions seen in people with frontal lobe damage suggest that the frontal lobes:

Accepted Answer

A)  drive the fight-or-flight response. 
B)  modulate the strength and vividness of emotional memories. 
C)  maintain a balance between too little and too much emotion. 
D)  provide information about the context in which learning occurs. 
A)  drive the fight-or-flight response. 
B)  modulate the strength and vividness of emotional memories. 
C)  maintain a balance between too little and too much emotion. 
D)  provide information about the context in which learning occurs.

Question 10

The _____ sends sensory input to the amygdala.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal gland 
B)  frontal lobes 
C)  thalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
A)  adrenal gland 
B)  frontal lobes 
C)  thalamus 
D)  hippocampus

Question 11

_____ is a psychiatric condition that involves sadness as well as general loss of initiative and activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bipolar 
B)  Depression 
C)  Phobia 
D)  Anxiety 
A)  Bipolar 
B)  Depression 
C)  Phobia 
D)  Anxiety

Question 12

Epinephrine is:

Accepted Answer

A)  released by nuclei in the brainstem. 
B)  produced in the central nucleus of the amygdala. 
C)  released by the adrenal glands. 
D)  activated by the basolateral amygdala. 
A)  released by nuclei in the brainstem. 
B)  produced in the central nucleus of the amygdala. 
C)  released by the adrenal glands. 
D)  activated by the basolateral amygdala.

Question 13

When compared with conditioned responses that do not involve emotion, conditioned emotional responses:

Accepted Answer

A)  require more pairings to learn. 
B)  are harder to reinstate after extinction has occurred. 
C)  are harder to extinguish. 
D)  take more time to learn. 
A)  require more pairings to learn. 
B)  are harder to reinstate after extinction has occurred. 
C)  are harder to extinguish. 
D)  take more time to learn.

Question 14

Claustrophobia is the fear of:

Accepted Answer

A)  speaking in public. 
B)  closed spaces. 
C)  heights. 
D)  snakes. 
A)  speaking in public. 
B)  closed spaces. 
C)  heights. 
D)  snakes.

Question 15

Nonhuman animals have:

Accepted Answer

A)  been proven to consciously experience the emotion of fear. 
B)  been shown to experience all of the same emotions that humans do. 
C)  not shown any expressions of joy. 
D)  shown behavioral responses to pleasant and unpleasant tastes. 
A)  been proven to consciously experience the emotion of fear. 
B)  been shown to experience all of the same emotions that humans do. 
C)  not shown any expressions of joy. 
D)  shown behavioral responses to pleasant and unpleasant tastes.

Question 16

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the avoidance response should extinguish easily, but it does not. 
B)  the avoidance response should be hard to extinguish, but it is easy to extinguish. 
C)  it is usually too hard for an organism to learn a conditioned emotional response. 
D)  classical and operant conditioning cannot both operate at the same time. 
A)  the avoidance response should extinguish easily, but it does not. 
B)  the avoidance response should be hard to extinguish, but it is easy to extinguish. 
C)  it is usually too hard for an organism to learn a conditioned emotional response. 
D)  classical and operant conditioning cannot both operate at the same time.

Question 17

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned avoidance 
B)  perseveration 
C)  piloerection 
D)  systematic desensitization 
A)  conditioned avoidance 
B)  perseveration 
C)  piloerection 
D)  systematic desensitization

Question 18

While watching a sad movie, Charlotte begins to cry; her husband Owen feels just as sad but manages to suppress the urge to cry or express his sadness in front of his wife. Owen is likely using his _____ to inhibit expression of emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
A)  amygdala 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  prefrontal cortex

Question 19

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Question 20

Mood congruency demonstrates that emotion can influence which aspect of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  storage 
C)  retrieval 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  encoding 
B)  storage 
C)  retrieval 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

When Talarico and Rubin (2003) studied students' memories of 9/11, they found that the students:

Describe the basic procedure involved in creating a conditioned emotional response.

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab) have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

If one hears a cracking twig in the forest at night, which part of amygdala is responsible for causing one's heart rate to increase?

Physiological responses that correlate with the emotion of fear:

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

The types of emotional reactions seen in people with frontal lobe damage suggest that the frontal lobes:

The _____ sends sensory input to the amygdala.

_____ is a psychiatric condition that involves sadness as well as general loss of initiative and activity.

Epinephrine is:

When compared with conditioned responses that do not involve emotion, conditioned emotional responses:

Claustrophobia is the fear of:

Nonhuman animals have:

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

While watching a sad movie, Charlotte begins to cry; her husband Owen feels just as sad but manages to suppress the urge to cry or express his sadness in front of his wife. Owen is likely using his _____ to inhibit expression of emotion.

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Mood congruency demonstrates that emotion can influence which aspect of memory?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

When Talarico and Rubin (2003) studied students' memories of 9/11, they found that the students:

Describe the basic procedure involved in creating a conditioned emotional response.

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab) have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

If one hears a cracking twig in the forest at night, which part of amygdala is responsible for causing one's heart rate to increase?

Physiological responses that correlate with the emotion of fear:

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

The types of emotional reactions seen in people with frontal lobe damage suggest that the frontal lobes:

The _____ sends sensory input to the amygdala.

_____ is a psychiatric condition that involves sadness as well as general loss of initiative and activity.

Epinephrine is:

When compared with conditioned responses that do not involve emotion, conditioned emotional responses:

Claustrophobia is the fear of:

Nonhuman animals have:

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

While watching a sad movie, Charlotte begins to cry; her husband Owen feels just as sad but manages to suppress the urge to cry or express his sadness in front of his wife. Owen is likely using his _____ to inhibit expression of emotion.

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Mood congruency demonstrates that emotion can influence which aspect of memory?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters