Question 1

When young versus old rats learned locations in a maze, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  young rats' neurons fired strongly during the first session but not during the second session. 
B)  old rats' neurons did not always fire in the same location during the second session as they did during the first session. 
C)  old rats' neurons fired strongly during the first session but not during the second session. 
D)  young rats' neurons did not always fire in the same location during the second session as they did during the first session. 
A)  young rats' neurons fired strongly during the first session but not during the second session. 
B)  old rats' neurons did not always fire in the same location during the second session as they did during the first session. 
C)  old rats' neurons fired strongly during the first session but not during the second session. 
D)  young rats' neurons did not always fire in the same location during the second session as they did during the first session.

Question 2

Individuals with Down syndrome:

Accepted Answer

A)  may have an enlarged cerebellum. 
B)  are more likely to be female than male. 
C)  have visibly smaller brains at birth. 
D)  usually develop amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as adults. 
A)  may have an enlarged cerebellum. 
B)  are more likely to be female than male. 
C)  have visibly smaller brains at birth. 
D)  usually develop amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as adults.

Question 3

Puberty _____, while adolescence _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a physical process; has a defined endpoint 
B)  is a physical process; involves psychological and social change 
C)  does not have precisely defined boundaries; involves psychological and social change 
D)  involves psychological and social change; is a physical process 
A)  is a physical process; has a defined endpoint 
B)  is a physical process; involves psychological and social change 
C)  does not have precisely defined boundaries; involves psychological and social change 
D)  involves psychological and social change; is a physical process

Question 4

Men would be expected to outperform women when trying to remember:

Accepted Answer

A)  a list of words. 
B)  landmarks in a new town. 
C)  the way to navigate through a maze. 
D)  pairs of words. 
A)  a list of words. 
B)  landmarks in a new town. 
C)  the way to navigate through a maze. 
D)  pairs of words.

Question 5

What has been suggested by research on fraternal and identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  The research has been mostly inconclusive. 
B)  Nearly all of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in the environment and upbringing. 
C)  More than half of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in genetic makeup. 
D)  Nearly all of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in genetic makeup. 
A)  The research has been mostly inconclusive. 
B)  Nearly all of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in the environment and upbringing. 
C)  More than half of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in genetic makeup. 
D)  Nearly all of the variation in memory scores may be accounted for by differences in genetic makeup.

Question 6

Neurofibrillary tangles:

Accepted Answer

A)  may cause damage by stimulating the immune system. 
B)  are an abnormal byproduct of a common protein. 
C)  are present in adults with Alzheimer's disease but not in adults with Down syndrome. 
D)  are collapsed proteins that normally hold neurons in place and transport nutrients. 
A)  may cause damage by stimulating the immune system. 
B)  are an abnormal byproduct of a common protein. 
C)  are present in adults with Alzheimer's disease but not in adults with Down syndrome. 
D)  are collapsed proteins that normally hold neurons in place and transport nutrients.

Question 7

Myelination:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs before neurogenesis. 
B)  is completed in the frontal cortex first. 
C)  does not begin until after birth. 
D)  slows neural transmission. 
A)  occurs before neurogenesis. 
B)  is completed in the frontal cortex first. 
C)  does not begin until after birth. 
D)  slows neural transmission.

Question 8

Research has shown that the use of gestures:

Accepted Answer

A)  emerges before children have mastered spoken language. 
B)  is negatively correlated with the development of verbal language. 
C)  causes parents to reduce verbal communication with their children. 
D)  may interfere with the development of verbal language. 
A)  emerges before children have mastered spoken language. 
B)  is negatively correlated with the development of verbal language. 
C)  causes parents to reduce verbal communication with their children. 
D)  may interfere with the development of verbal language.

Question 9

In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is _____ than normal, which is the _____ in healthy aging.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger; same as 
B)  larger; opposite of 
C)  smaller; same as 
D)  smaller; opposite of 
A)  larger; same as 
B)  larger; opposite of 
C)  smaller; same as 
D)  smaller; opposite of

Question 10

Which concept appears to develop the EARLIEST?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory 
B)  episodic memory 
C)  working memory 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  semantic memory 
B)  episodic memory 
C)  working memory 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 11

People who _____ have a decreased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  watch a lot of TV 
B)  sleep a lot 
C)  have a high education level 
D)  spend most of their time alone 
A)  watch a lot of TV 
B)  sleep a lot 
C)  have a high education level 
D)  spend most of their time alone

Question 12

In elderly people, skill learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  is as fast as young adults. 
B)  takes longer than in young adults. 
C)  declines even for highly practiced skills. 
D)  is slow but less error-prone than in young adults. 
A)  is as fast as young adults. 
B)  takes longer than in young adults. 
C)  declines even for highly practiced skills. 
D)  is slow but less error-prone than in young adults.

Question 13

It has been suggested that older adults might be _____ susceptible to _____ interference.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; proactive 
B)  less; proactive 
C)  more; retroactive 
D)  less; retroactive 
A)  more; proactive 
B)  less; proactive 
C)  more; retroactive 
D)  less; retroactive

Question 14

Ts65Dn mice that are bred as a model of Down syndrome:

Accepted Answer

A)  usually die. 
B)  show irregularities of the hippocampus and cortex. 
C)  show relatively normal development of the cortex. 
D)  show improved spatial memory in females when housed in an enriched environment. 
A)  usually die. 
B)  show irregularities of the hippocampus and cortex. 
C)  show relatively normal development of the cortex. 
D)  show improved spatial memory in females when housed in an enriched environment.

Question 15

Individuals with Down syndrome:

Accepted Answer

A)  have visibly smaller brains at birth. 
B)  show normal episodic memory as children. 
C)  have a larger-than-normal hippocampus at three months of age. 
D)  have a smaller-than-normal cerebellum in adolescence. 
A)  have visibly smaller brains at birth. 
B)  show normal episodic memory as children. 
C)  have a larger-than-normal hippocampus at three months of age. 
D)  have a smaller-than-normal cerebellum in adolescence.

Question 16

The MOST important androgen and principal male sex hormone is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  androgen. 
D)  estrogen. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  androgen. 
D)  estrogen.

Question 17

If children are to learn to differentiate particular sounds used in their language, they must be exposed to these sounds before they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  6 to 8 months old. 
B)  2 years old. 
C)  4 years old. 
D)  10 years old. 
A)  6 to 8 months old. 
B)  2 years old. 
C)  4 years old. 
D)  10 years old.

Question 18

Which structure is LARGER in men than in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lateral frontal cortex 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the angular gyrus 
D)  the supramarginal gyrus 
A)  the lateral frontal cortex 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the angular gyrus 
D)  the supramarginal gyrus

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are almost entirely due to gender stereotypes. 
B)  Adult rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do. 
C)  Infant rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do. 
D)  Differences emerge much later than the time when sex hormones begin increasing. 
A)  They are almost entirely due to gender stereotypes. 
B)  Adult rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do. 
C)  Infant rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do. 
D)  Differences emerge much later than the time when sex hormones begin increasing.

Question 20

Explain how sensitive periods are beneficial to learning and memory in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss the

When young versus old rats learned locations in a maze, it was found that:

Individuals with Down syndrome:

Puberty _, while adolescence _.

Men would be expected to outperform women when trying to remember:

What has been suggested by research on fraternal and identical twins?

Neurofibrillary tangles:

Myelination:

Research has shown that the use of gestures:

In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is _ than normal, which is the _ in healthy aging.

Which concept appears to develop the EARLIEST?

People who _____ have a decreased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

In elderly people, skill learning:

It has been suggested that older adults might be _ susceptible to _ interference.

Ts65Dn mice that are bred as a model of Down syndrome:

Individuals with Down syndrome:

The MOST important androgen and principal male sex hormone is known as:

If children are to learn to differentiate particular sounds used in their language, they must be exposed to these sounds before they are:

Which structure is LARGER in men than in women?

Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in learning and memory?

Explain how sensitive periods are beneficial to learning and memory in the brain.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Filters

Exam 12: Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

When young versus old rats learned locations in a maze, it was found that:

Individuals with Down syndrome:

Puberty _____, while adolescence _____.

Men would be expected to outperform women when trying to remember:

What has been suggested by research on fraternal and identical twins?

Neurofibrillary tangles:

Myelination:

Research has shown that the use of gestures:

In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is _____ than normal, which is the _____ in healthy aging.

Which concept appears to develop the EARLIEST?

People who _____ have a decreased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

In elderly people, skill learning:

It has been suggested that older adults might be _____ susceptible to _____ interference.

Ts65Dn mice that are bred as a model of Down syndrome:

Individuals with Down syndrome:

The MOST important androgen and principal male sex hormone is known as:

If children are to learn to differentiate particular sounds used in their language, they must be exposed to these sounds before they are:

Which structure is LARGER in men than in women?

Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in learning and memory?

Explain how sensitive periods are beneficial to learning and memory in the brain.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Filters

Puberty _, while adolescence _.

In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is _ than normal, which is the _ in healthy aging.

It has been suggested that older adults might be _ susceptible to _ interference.