Question 1

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory prosthesis. 
B)  motor prosthesis. 
C)  transcranial prosthesis. 
D)  deep brain stimulation. 
A)  sensory prosthesis. 
B)  motor prosthesis. 
C)  transcranial prosthesis. 
D)  deep brain stimulation.

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Massed practice is more effective than spaced practice for long-term retention. 
B)  Constant practice is more effective than variable practice overall. 
C)  Massed practice requires less total practice time than spaced practice. 
D)  It is unclear whether constant practice or variable practice is more effective. 
A)  Massed practice is more effective than spaced practice for long-term retention. 
B)  Constant practice is more effective than variable practice overall. 
C)  Massed practice requires less total practice time than spaced practice. 
D)  It is unclear whether constant practice or variable practice is more effective.

Question 3

An example of a closed skill is _____, and an example of an open skill is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  surfing; tying one's shoes 
B)  tying one's shoes; playing pat-a-cake 
C)  surfing; playing pat-a-cake 
D)  playing pat-a-cake; surfing 
A)  surfing; tying one's shoes 
B)  tying one's shoes; playing pat-a-cake 
C)  surfing; playing pat-a-cake 
D)  playing pat-a-cake; surfing

Question 4

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Give example

Question 5

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _____ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _____ activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased; decreased 
B)  decreased; increased 
C)  increased; no change in 
D)  no change in; decreased 
A)  increased; decreased 
B)  decreased; increased 
C)  increased; no change in 
D)  no change in; decreased

Question 6

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _____ in the basal ganglia, and people _____ improve on the task.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; do not 
B)  decreases; do not 
C)  increases; do 
D)  decreases; do 
A)  increases; do not 
B)  decreases; do not 
C)  increases; do 
D)  decreases; do

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot be overcome. 
B)  It is different for cognitive skills than for perceptual-motor skills. 
C)  It is different for different species. 
D)  It is the same for most skills. 
A)  It cannot be overcome. 
B)  It is different for cognitive skills than for perceptual-motor skills. 
C)  It is different for different species. 
D)  It is the same for most skills.

Question 8

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Accepted Answer

A)  practices many times a day. 
B)  is given feedback about her performance. 
C)  visualizes the routine in her mind before performing her new routine. 
D)  blocks out all other distractions. 
A)  practices many times a day. 
B)  is given feedback about her performance. 
C)  visualizes the routine in her mind before performing her new routine. 
D)  blocks out all other distractions.

Question 9

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _____ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____ skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  closed; open 
B)  open; cognitive 
C)  perceptual-motor; cognitive 
D)  perceptual-motor; open 
A)  closed; open 
B)  open; cognitive 
C)  perceptual-motor; cognitive 
D)  perceptual-motor; open

Question 10

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  motor program. 
B)  transfer specificity. 
C)  identical elements theory. 
D)  learning set formation. 
A)  motor program. 
B)  transfer specificity. 
C)  identical elements theory. 
D)  learning set formation.

Question 11

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Define the cognitive,

Question 12

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Accepted Answer

A)  once a skill is learned, it is never forgotten. 
B)  if a person cannot perform a skill, it usually means she has forgotten it. 
C)  without practice, the ability to perform a skill tends to deteriorate. 
D)  it is difficult to distinguish forgetting of the skill from impairment in motor control. 
A)  once a skill is learned, it is never forgotten. 
B)  if a person cannot perform a skill, it usually means she has forgotten it. 
C)  without practice, the ability to perform a skill tends to deteriorate. 
D)  it is difficult to distinguish forgetting of the skill from impairment in motor control.

Question 13

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering the details of his childhood 
B)  learning the names of all of the U.S. presidents 
C)  remembering the name of a person he recently met 
D)  remembering how to ride a bike 
A)  remembering the details of his childhood 
B)  learning the names of all of the U.S. presidents 
C)  remembering the name of a person he recently met 
D)  remembering how to ride a bike

Question 14

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  somatosensory cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
B)  motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
C)  both somatosensory cortex and motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
D)  the cortex that are not relevant for performing the skill. 
A)  somatosensory cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
B)  motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
C)  both somatosensory cortex and motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill. 
D)  the cortex that are not relevant for performing the skill.

Question 15

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basal ganglia 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the cerebellum 
D)  the brainstem 
A)  the basal ganglia 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the cerebellum 
D)  the brainstem

Question 16

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Accepted Answer

A)  massed 
B)  spaced 
C)  constant 
D)  variable 
A)  massed 
B)  spaced 
C)  constant 
D)  variable

Question 17

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit learning. 
B)  skill decay. 
C)  a motor program. 
D)  transfer specificity. 
A)  implicit learning. 
B)  skill decay. 
C)  a motor program. 
D)  transfer specificity.

Question 18

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Accepted Answer

A)  tennis-player's dominant arm. 
B)  bowler's non-dominant hand. 
C)  juggler's neck. 
D)  trumpet-player's feet. 
A)  tennis-player's dominant arm. 
B)  bowler's non-dominant hand. 
C)  juggler's neck. 
D)  trumpet-player's feet.

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Which statement is TRUE?

An example of a closed skill is _, and an example of an open skill is _.

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _ activity.

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _ in the basal ganglia, and people _ improve on the task.

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _ skills.

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Which statement is TRUE?

An example of a closed skill is _____, and an example of an open skill is _____.

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _____ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _____ activity.

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _____ in the basal ganglia, and people _____ improve on the task.

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _____ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____ skills.

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

An example of a closed skill is _, and an example of an open skill is _.

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _ activity.

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _ in the basal ganglia, and people _ improve on the task.

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _ skills.