Exam 9: Punishment and Sentencing

Determinate sentencing has severely restricted judicial discretion in many jurisdictions.

Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is a strong general deterrent.

A prisoner is aware that he or she is eligible for ____________________ as soon as the minimum time has been served.

Truth-in-sentencing laws require defendants to serve 100% of their sentences.

Truth-in-sentencing laws,in the majority of states,require murderers and other offenders convicted of serious crime to serve at least ____ of the sentence handed down by the judge.

What type of sentencing occurs when a judge determines the minimum and maximum terms of imprisonment?

The case of _____________________ended the execution of those who committed crimes as juveniles.

Identify and describe the four forms of punishment.

Roper v.Simmons prohibited the death penalty for persons under the age of:

The presentence investigative report is compiled by the prosecutor.

When sentencing by _______________is allowed,the practice is popular with prosecutors because they are more likely than judges to give harsh sentences.

In 1984,Congress passed the _________________________________ which paved the way for federal sentencing guidelines.

The strategy of preventing crime through the threat of punishment is called:

The United States Supreme Court paved the way for three-strike laws when it ruled in _____________ that Texas' habitual offender statute did not constitute "cruel and unusual punishment" under the Eighth Amendment.

Statutorily determined punishments that must be applied to those who are convicted of specific crimes are ______________________.

Opponents of victim impact statements argue that they

Explain some of the reasons why sentencing reform has occurred.

Discuss sentencing guidelines.

An approach to punishment which is designed to repair the harm done to the victim is ___________.

An example of an aggravating circumstance is that the defendant was coerced into committing the crime.