Question 1

The phenomenon that can produce high frequencies of deleterious alleles in small, isolated populations is

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic shift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  resistance. 
A)  antigenic shift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  resistance.

Question 2

In the following figure, what does the length of the branches show?

Accepted Answer

A)  time 
B)  haplotype frequency 
C)  morphological change 
D)  genetic difference 
A)  time 
B)  haplotype frequency 
C)  morphological change 
D)  genetic difference

Question 3

Which of the following processes help(s) to explain the high incidence of certain rare genetic diseases in the Amish?

Accepted Answer

A)  bottlenecks 
B)  inbreeding 
C)  natural selection 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  bottlenecks 
B)  inbreeding 
C)  natural selection 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 4

There are many hypotheses about why obesity and diabetes are increasing in modern societies, many of them based on evolutionary mismatch. Describe three of these hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

1. The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis: This hyp

Question 5

At present, what is the most common cause of death in developed countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  infectious diseases 
B)  noncommunicable diseases 
C)  childhood diseases 
D)  zoonotic diseases 
A)  infectious diseases 
B)  noncommunicable diseases 
C)  childhood diseases 
D)  zoonotic diseases

Question 6

How could the movement of soldiers and unsanitary conditions during World War I have led to the evolution of a more virulent flu strain in 1918?

Accepted Answer

The movement of soldiers during World Wa

Question 7

Despite its complexity, the human eye still has its flaws. Why is the human eye a fitting example for how we can better understand the evolution of the human immune system?

Accepted Answer

The human eye is a fitting example for u

Question 8

Octopus eyes differ from human eyes in that

Accepted Answer

A)  octopuses have camera-vision eyes. 
B)  octopus eyes do not have blind spots. 
C)  the retinal blood vessels penetrate the eyeball. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  octopuses have camera-vision eyes. 
B)  octopus eyes do not have blind spots. 
C)  the retinal blood vessels penetrate the eyeball. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 9

Which of the following diseases does not generally follow Mendelian rules of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  breast cancer 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  Huntington's 
D)  sickle-cell anemia 
A)  breast cancer 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  Huntington's 
D)  sickle-cell anemia

Question 10

The frequency of Huntington's disease can increase in a population because

Accepted Answer

A)  the disease only affects certain ethnic groups. 
B)  the disease has a dominant pattern of inheritance. 
C)  symptoms generally emerge after reproductive age. 
D)  the mutation that causes it protects individuals against other diseases. 
A)  the disease only affects certain ethnic groups. 
B)  the disease has a dominant pattern of inheritance. 
C)  symptoms generally emerge after reproductive age. 
D)  the mutation that causes it protects individuals against other diseases.

Question 11

Which of the following results would provide support for the thrifty genotype hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alleles involved in the development of diabetes show signatures of positive selection in the past. 
B)  Mice with diabetes reproduce less under conditions of persistent food stress. 
C)  Genome sequencing of 60,000-year-old human fossils reveals that alleles linked with diabetes were at a lower frequency in the past. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Alleles involved in the development of diabetes show signatures of positive selection in the past. 
B)  Mice with diabetes reproduce less under conditions of persistent food stress. 
C)  Genome sequencing of 60,000-year-old human fossils reveals that alleles linked with diabetes were at a lower frequency in the past. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Two copies of the HbS allele cause sickle-cell anemia, but a single HbS allele helps protect individuals from malaria. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic shift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage. 
C)  reassortment. 
D)  natural selection. 
A)  antigenic shift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage. 
C)  reassortment. 
D)  natural selection.

Question 13

People who have been vaccinated for the flu but still contract it are less likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  suffer severe symptoms. 
B)  end up in the intensive care unit. 
C)  get the flu next flu season. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  suffer severe symptoms. 
B)  end up in the intensive care unit. 
C)  get the flu next flu season. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 14

Increases in the average life span since the mid-20th century are driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  declining childhood mortality. 
B)  increasing of the maximum life span. 
C)  increasing survival of people over 45. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  declining childhood mortality. 
B)  increasing of the maximum life span. 
C)  increasing survival of people over 45. 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following patterns suggests that cytomegalovirus has tracked the evolution of its primate hosts for millions of years?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny mirrors the phylogeny of primates. 
B)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny mirrors the phylogeny of other viruses. 
C)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny has fewer branches than the phylogeny of primates. 
D)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny is very different from the phylogeny of nonhuman primates. 
A)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny mirrors the phylogeny of primates. 
B)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny mirrors the phylogeny of other viruses. 
C)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny has fewer branches than the phylogeny of primates. 
D)  The cytomegalovirus phylogeny is very different from the phylogeny of nonhuman primates.

Question 16

Which of the following is a way that researchers are trying to predict the next pandemic?

Accepted Answer

A)  carrying out viral evolution experiments in the lab 
B)  cataloging the diversity of existing pathogens 
C)  using computers to model the emergence of new strains 
D)  increased monitoring of people who have frequent contact with animals 
E)  all of the above 
A)  carrying out viral evolution experiments in the lab 
B)  cataloging the diversity of existing pathogens 
C)  using computers to model the emergence of new strains 
D)  increased monitoring of people who have frequent contact with animals 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

The figure below shows two regions (p17 and V3) of the HIV genome in the same patient. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  V3 has gone through more evolutionary change than p17. 
B)  p17 is less tolerant of mutations than V3. 
C)  Mutations in the V3 region are likely to have neutral or positive effects. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  V3 has gone through more evolutionary change than p17. 
B)  p17 is less tolerant of mutations than V3. 
C)  Mutations in the V3 region are likely to have neutral or positive effects. 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

What fraction of human proteins have evolved new amino acids under selection pressure from viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/10 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
A)  1/10 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3

Question 19

Mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer in women are also associated with higher rates of childbirth. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic pleiotropy. 
B)  antigenic shift. 
C)  balancing selection. 
D)  thrifty genotypes. 
A)  antagonistic pleiotropy. 
B)  antigenic shift. 
C)  balancing selection. 
D)  thrifty genotypes.

Question 20

How many pieces of RNA does a flu virus have?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  8 
C)  13 
D)  23 
A)  1 
B)  8 
C)  13 
D)  23

The phenomenon that can produce high frequencies of deleterious alleles in small, isolated populations is

In the following figure, what does the length of the branches show?

Which of the following processes help(s) to explain the high incidence of certain rare genetic diseases in the Amish?

There are many hypotheses about why obesity and diabetes are increasing in modern societies, many of them based on evolutionary mismatch. Describe three of these hypotheses.

At present, what is the most common cause of death in developed countries?

How could the movement of soldiers and unsanitary conditions during World War I have led to the evolution of a more virulent flu strain in 1918?

Despite its complexity, the human eye still has its flaws. Why is the human eye a fitting example for how we can better understand the evolution of the human immune system?

Octopus eyes differ from human eyes in that

Which of the following diseases does not generally follow Mendelian rules of inheritance?

The frequency of Huntington's disease can increase in a population because

Which of the following results would provide support for the thrifty genotype hypothesis?

Two copies of the HbS allele cause sickle-cell anemia, but a single HbS allele helps protect individuals from malaria. This is an example of

People who have been vaccinated for the flu but still contract it are less likely to

Increases in the average life span since the mid-20th century are driven by

Which of the following patterns suggests that cytomegalovirus has tracked the evolution of its primate hosts for millions of years?

Which of the following is a way that researchers are trying to predict the next pandemic?

The figure below shows two regions (p17 and V3) of the HIV genome in the same patient. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the graph?

What fraction of human proteins have evolved new amino acids under selection pressure from viruses?

Mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer in women are also associated with higher rates of childbirth. This is an example of

How many pieces of RNA does a flu virus have?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

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Exam 18: Evolutionary Medicine

The phenomenon that can produce high frequencies of deleterious alleles in small, isolated populations is

In the following figure, what does the length of the branches show?

Which of the following processes help(s) to explain the high incidence of certain rare genetic diseases in the Amish?

There are many hypotheses about why obesity and diabetes are increasing in modern societies, many of them based on evolutionary mismatch. Describe three of these hypotheses.

At present, what is the most common cause of death in developed countries?

How could the movement of soldiers and unsanitary conditions during World War I have led to the evolution of a more virulent flu strain in 1918?

Despite its complexity, the human eye still has its flaws. Why is the human eye a fitting example for how we can better understand the evolution of the human immune system?

Octopus eyes differ from human eyes in that

Which of the following diseases does not generally follow Mendelian rules of inheritance?

The frequency of Huntington's disease can increase in a population because

Which of the following results would provide support for the thrifty genotype hypothesis?

Two copies of the HbS allele cause sickle-cell anemia, but a single HbS allele helps protect individuals from malaria. This is an example of

People who have been vaccinated for the flu but still contract it are less likely to

Increases in the average life span since the mid-20th century are driven by

Which of the following patterns suggests that cytomegalovirus has tracked the evolution of its primate hosts for millions of years?

Which of the following is a way that researchers are trying to predict the next pandemic?

The figure below shows two regions (p17 and V3) of the HIV genome in the same patient. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the graph?

What fraction of human proteins have evolved new amino acids under selection pressure from viruses?

Mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer in women are also associated with higher rates of childbirth. This is an example of

How many pieces of RNA does a flu virus have?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Filters