Exam 16: Environment Population and Social Change

Tönnies viewed the process of modernization as a progressive loss of gemeinschaft, a state characterized by:

Durkheim argued that societies move from a state of , a cohesiveness based on the similarity among its members, to , a cohesiveness based on difference.

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the total number of people in a society?

Herbert Spencer argued that social change will occur when _.

Studies of ecosystems have demonstrated that

The pattern of disproportionate dumping of toxic waste and other forms of pollution in neighborhoods where the poor and people of color live is called .

Gesellschaft is German for "community."

According to Habermas a society that experiences social inequality will also experience .

Collective behavior is

"Culture lag" is a term originally coined by .

Urban sociologist Gideon Sjøberg (1965) referred to the structural and cultural differences that exist as a consequence of differing degrees of urbanization as _.

The infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths each year of infants under the age of one. This measure is also a good indicator of:

Define cultural diffusion and give an example.

A cohort consists of

Which of the following is not a condition under which revolutions are likely to occur?

is the process by which a community acquires the characteristics of city life and the "urban" end of the rural-urban continuum.

According to Marx and Habermas, the personal feelings of powerlessness that accompany modernization are the result of

Define gemeinschaft and gesellschaft and the types of society each corresponds to.

Malthus reasoned that the only checks on population growth were:

The U.S. emits percent of global carbon.