Exam 22: Critical Thinking About Research

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.4 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.4 Aggregate Income ( ) Aggregate Consumption (C) 8 10 12 13 20 20 32 31 -Refer to Table 22.4. Which of the following consumption functions best fits the values in the table?

Bethany notices that whenever she receives a text message, her roommate Stella is playing her tuba. She concludes that Stella's tuba playing is causing her to receive text messages. Bethany is

Selection bias can result from data samples

Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 727: The Moving to Opportunity program offered to

More confidence can be had from the results obtained from experiments using a population with ________ variation than from those with ________ variation.

When computing p-values, population variation matters.

Identifying the causal effects of a policy by looking at two samples that lie on either side of a threshold is called

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.2 Point Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 10 14 B 20 23 C 30 25 D 40 26 E 50 34 F 60 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y -Refer to Table 22.2. The error for point E is equal to

Clarissa notices that her satellite TV signal becomes scrambled whenever there is a major thunderstorm in her area. She concludes that the scrambled satellite signal must be causing the severe thunderstorms. Clarissa is

Selection bias can distort the results of research studies.

A p-value of 0.03 means that there is only a 0.03% chance of obtaining the measured result.

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.2 Point Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 10 14 B 20 23 C 30 25 D 40 26 E 50 34 F 60 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y -Refer to Table 22.2. The SUM that is calculated from all the error points from the table is equal to

The assumption of no effect from the results of an experiment is known as the null hypothesis.

Survivor bias occurs when data used in a study reflects too broad a sample of the population.

If two variables move in opposite directions, they are said to be negatively correlated.

Most theories in economics are based on how one variable affects another variable.

Assume a study indicates that attending a class on blackjack strategy improved average winnings by 50 percent. If the null hypothesis is true and the p-value for the 50 percent improvement in winnings is 0.04, then there is a ________ chance of improving your blackjack winnings by 50 percent.

A research project is conducted by offering a randomly selected 300 of the 500 local Toyota Prius owners a chance to use a new fuel additive for 6 months to see if their gas mileage improves. 225 of the 300 randomly selected Prius owners agree to the offer, 50 of those drop out of the project after 1 month, another 50 drop out after 2 months, and 25 more drop out after 3 months. The rest remain for the duration of the project. Using the intention to treat method, the results from how many of the Prius owners who were not selected to be a part of the project should be included in the research project?

If a p-value is greater than or equal to 1.0, the results is said to be statistically significant.

Correlation always implies causation.