Exam 5: Information Technology in Surgery-The Cutting Edge

Telepresence surgery (distance surgery) was first developed by ________.

________ or telepresence surgery performed by robotic devices controlled by surgeons at another site has been successfully performed.

The earliest use of a robot in surgery was in hip replacement operations, using the robot called ________.

________ is a robot that can be clamped on a patient's back. Doctors take a picture of where the spine surgery will take place and a computer plans the robot's path.

With ________ technology, the computer can create an environment that seems real, but is not.

________ is a computer-controlled, image-directed robot that performs hip replacements. The FDA approved it in 2008.

________ is a robotic surgical system, which will make possible minimally invasive microsurgery. It has three interactive robotic arms, one of which holds the endoscope, whereas the other two manipulate the surgical instruments.

One form of minimally invasive robotic surgery is called ________ surgery. It does not require incisions. It is also called natural orifice surgery.

________ is surgery performed through small incisions.

Because much computer-assisted surgery is image-guided, software has been developed that enhances what the surgeon sees. This kind of surgery is called ________ surgery. It makes use of computer-generated imagery to provide the surgeon with information that otherwise would be unavailable.